C XII ) 



The marriages and the births were above the average numbers. 

 The death-rate was exactly the average of the season, but lower 

 than in any of the three previous winters. Had it not been for the 

 intensely cold weather in January, which proved fatal to many old 

 people, and for epidemics of whooping-cough, small-pox, and 

 measles, the results would have been still more favourable. Cholera 

 was only epidemic in Durham. Prices were high, and potatoes — ■ 

 an esculent which possesses valuable antiscorbutic properties — were 

 scarce. 



The Spring quarter was genial. The births exceeded the average 

 number of the season, and the low mortality presented a striking 

 contrast to that prevailing in the spring of 186G. Sanitary work 

 was accelerated last year by the impending epidemic of Asiatic 

 cholera, and the efforts then made appear to have borne fruit. The 

 marriage-rate was below the average in the winter quarter, and 

 reflected the prevailing depression of certain classes of industry. 



If care is not taken to ventilate the sewers thorouglily, the vola- 

 tile matters by which typhoid fever and other zymotic diseases are 

 propagated, must be communicated, by means of the house-drains, 

 from one dwelling to another. But the chief security against a 

 danger incidental to the existing system of town drainage lies in 

 abundance of water, with sufficient fall to propel the whole body 

 of refuse to a distance, and to disperse its gases in limitless space. 



Increase op Population, and Emigration. 



The excess of births over deaths in the Winter quarter was 

 61,201 ; in the Spring quarter 87,126, which latter number repre- 

 sents an excess of 957 daily. Against this increase is put the loss 

 by emigration. The number of emigrants in the former quarter 

 from all ports in the United Kingdom where emigration officers are 

 stationed, was 26,753, of whom about 8000 were English, 1200 

 Scotch, 14,000 Irish, 3000 foreigners. There went to the United 

 States nearly 7000 English, 900 Scotch, 13,000 Irish. 2000 persons 

 of various origin went to the Australian colonies; less than 100 to 

 British North America. 



In the March quarter of the three years 1865-6-7, the total 

 emigration was 27,513, 39,672, and 26,753. 



In the Spring quarter 73,571 emigrants, of whom 12,695 were 

 foreigners, left British and Irish shores. Of 16,718 persons of 

 English origin, 11,980 went to the United States, 2028 to British 

 North America, 2142 to the Australian colonies, and 568 to other 

 places. 



