Heed.] Report on Steam Cultivation. 119 



the steam-plough has been used the summer fallow has been 

 abandoned. The Potash Farm, which is most of it light land, is 

 cropped upon the 4-course system. 



Mr. Roberts states that he has been able to dispense with 8 

 horses ; the number now kept being 14, which is equal to 2 horses 

 to 96 acres. These remaining horses have been lightly worked, 

 kept in better condition, and at less expense. The farm labour 

 is also more advanced, and kept to the season. When the wheat 

 sowing is going on the steam-plough is stirring the land intended 

 for green crops. The work is better done, and the soil lies 

 drier during the winter, is ready early in spring for seeding, and 

 is surer of producing a root-crop. Of the crops generally, he 

 remarks that they are increased ; also that the use of improved 

 machinery necessitates the employment of more manual labour, 

 and that of a superior quality. The water supply is plentiful 

 and good. The fields have been much enlarged : they are now 

 from 10 to 120 acres. The example here set may induce 

 neighbouring landlords to give some encouragement to steam 

 cultivation, or at least to allow some fences to be grubbed 

 up. 



The Apparatus was bought of Messrs. Fowler in the autumn of 

 1860. The engine Avas one of the first six made by Kitson and 

 Hewetson of Leeds. It is of 10-horse power, double cylinder, 

 traction. A 4-furrow plough, 7-tine cultivator, 800 yards of 

 rope, anchors and rope-porters, completed the set, at a cost of 

 780/. 



Repairs, Renewals, TFearatid Tear. — Mr. Roberts kindly furnished 

 us with the following ample details, by which it Avill be seen, 

 that while the repairs have been heav}^, much of the outlay has 

 been due to the substitution of improvements which have followed 

 closely one upon another. 



£. s. d. 



1860. — First outlay for engine, plon.2;h, anchor ropes,|__,-, „ „ 



and porters \ 



Carriage of ditto ., 21 2 Q 



Man to instruct my own people .. .. .. 6 



780 2 6 



1861.— 500 yards of rope 32 5 



New plough 97 



New clip-drum 26 10 



Carriage of new plough and clip-driun gear .. 7 4 8 



Men's time and expenses from Leeds .. .. 30 13 6 



7 dozen shares 4 18 



Slades, breasts, skifes, &c 3 18 



202 9 2 



