128 Fepoit on Steam Cultivation. [Eeed. 



timid counsels would, under such circumstances, be fatal to 

 success ; while a large expenditure, if directed with vigilance 

 and judgment, must give large results. The working horses 

 charged to the farm number 16, or 2 to 112 acres. When the 

 same amount of land was divided amongst several tenants, they 

 ]<ept 2 to 56. The supply of water is good — generally from 

 brooks, but partly from wells expressly dug to yield it. 

 The Apparatus was bought of Messrs. Howard, 1857. 



Tlie Engine, 8-horse power, single cylinder, marie by Clayton and 

 Shuttleworth, portable, used in grinding, sawing, thrashing, brick- 

 making. It has been driven 5 days a week since 1857, and is £. 

 provided witli a commodious engine-honse. Price 250 



1 cultivator, windlass, 1400 yards of rope, porters, &c 250 



500 

 Additions and carriage 50 



550 



Repairs, Reneicals, Wear and Tear. — Although the engine 

 has been used, since 1857, five days a week, the average repairs 

 were stated not to have exceeded 4/. a year. The fire-box will 

 probably last four years longer. The repairs are done by a man 

 who comes annually from Clayton's, and his own smith. The 

 engine-driver, formerly a labourer, is a careful fellow. He has 

 been instructed by Clayton's men — the entire engine having 

 been taken to pieces and reconstructed before him. One secret 

 of the small expense inay be that, the engine being provided 

 with a lock-up safety-valve, the maximum steam-pressure allowed 

 to the driver is 45 lbs. A new rope of 700 yards was supplied, 

 in 1863, which will last two years longer. The heaviest repairs 

 are in rope and rope-porters. 



Driven only with 45 lbs. pressure, it may be considered that 

 an 8-horse power engine is too weak for the work. 



TVork done, and Mode of doinrj it. — Removals occupy half a 

 day with four horses and three men. A day's work, including 

 removals, is 6 acres, from 5 to 6 inches deep. In 1865, from 

 April 22 to Oct. 7, 28|^ days, 237 acres were broken up, 63 acres 

 of which were three and four times done = 8i acres per day 

 average. 



Cost of JVorh. — The daily Avagc of ordinary labourer, 2^. 2d. 

 The manual and horse labour amount to 1/. 0^. lO^Z. ; the coal, 

 oil, and grease to 75. 7^d. — in all, 11. 8s. 5^d. per day. The 

 windlass-man, whose work is looked on as the most difficult, 

 receives 6c?. a day extra. The coal is "hard," price 19^. per 

 ton home ; consumption, 6 cwts. per day of 10 hours, under 

 cover, and 6 cwts. in the field. 



The tackle was not at work, but was visible, under cover, and 

 in very good state. 



