172 Rejiort on Steam Cultivation. [Reed. 



or horses, and crossed, in spring, at one operation by steam. 

 To this method, which produces a superior tihh, Mr. Smythe 

 attributes his escape from the turnip-fly which ravages the crops 

 around. Steam, by this showing, seems to have done away with 

 the four operations, which are supposed throughout the country 

 to be necessary to the perfection of fallows. The roots are grown 

 with artificial manure only, and good tillage. 



Cost of Worh 



£. s. d. 



Engine-man 1 10 



Extra 10 



1 ploughman 1 10 



Extra 10 



1 windlass 1 10 



2 anchor 3 8 



2 hoys 14 



■ 1 hoy, horse, cart 4 6 



1 boy to oil rollers 4 



17 4 

 Coal, 7 cwts 6 Si- 

 Oil .. .. 9 



Total cost ler day .. .. 1 4 4i 



N.B. — These 2 men receive Is. a-day extra when the engine is working, 

 All men receive 2 pints of beer a-day. The average wages of a day labourer, 

 Is. lOcZ. Coal — " Staveley Hards," 18s. per ton home, 7 cwts. used per day of 

 10 hours. 



Our walk over the farm satisfied us as to its good management, 

 and our inspection of the tackle of its good keeping. However, 

 the engine and tackle were found abroad. The man who has 

 charge of the engine was formerly a common labourer. There 

 is no smith's shop. Mr. Smythe expressed himself as perfectly 

 satisfied with the results of steam-tillage, and would on no account 

 attempt to farm without steam-power. He says, " Deep cultiva- 

 tion has improved the drainage on my stronger soils, which are 

 drained 3 feet deep 8 yards apart." The number of sheep has 

 been increased on this farm since steam was introduced from 

 600 to about 800. 



No. 28. The name of Ellman is well known in the county of 

 Sussex; it stands associated with progressive movements in agri- 

 culture, and especially with the annals of sheep-farming. We 

 were received on the 24th September by Mr. R, H. Ellman, of 

 Lamport, and became acquainted with the 1300 acres of land 

 which he occupies under Lord Abergavenny, on the bleak chalk 

 downs which lie to the north-west of Lewes, The hill-sides are 

 generally steep ; in some cases too steep for cultivation. The 

 cultivated area comprises 500 acres ; on the rest, a fine flock of 



