374 Report on Steam Cultivation. [CoLEMAN. 



Nottingham— (126) H. I. Wilson, Esq., Newlands, Mansfield; (127) 

 Duke of Portland, Carburtou ; (128) Capt. Saville, Ollerton ; (129) Eight Hon. 

 the Speaker, Crow Park, Sutton, Newark ; (130) Grosvenor Hodgkiuson, Esq., 

 M.P., Baldertou, near Newark; (131) James H. X^'isher, Esq., Orston, Elton; 

 (132) John Hemsley, Esq., Shelton, Newark. 



Leicestershire. — (133) Lord A. St. Maur, Walton, Loushhorough ; (134) Mr. 

 Pacey, Garthorpe, Melton Mowbray ; (135) Lord Berners, Keythorpe, Leicester. 



No. 114. We commenced our inspection with Mr. Pease's farm 

 at St. Helen's, Bishop's Auckland, Durham. Fowler's lO-horse 

 engine, 4-furrow plough, and 7-tined cultivator, had been pur- 

 chased in January, 1862, consequently at the date of our visit the 

 tackle had been in use nearly five years. The original cost of 

 the apparatus was 840^. The outlay on repairs, skifes, breasts, 

 shares, &c., was 163/. 6.s. ; paid for two new ropes 84/., for a 

 new plough-frame 45Z. ; in all, 292Z. 6^,, or upon an average nearly 

 60Z. a year. In addition to the above, the original clip-drum, in 

 which the lower rim was held up by bolts, has been exchanged 

 for the screw-arrangement, and the 4-wheel anchor has given 

 place to one with 6 wheels. Mr. Pease having recently let his 

 farm, the tackle was valued at 550Z. Thus we see that, inde- 

 pendently of repairs and renewals, the wear and tear may be 

 calculated at 60Z. a year, or about 1h per cent, on the original 

 outlay. It is only right to state that the incoming tenant declines 

 to purchase the apparatus. 



The farms occupied by Mr. Pease consist of 300 acres of arable 

 land at St. Helen's, and 140 at Thickley adjoining. The latter, 

 however, has only been cultivated by steam during the last year, 

 consequently our calculations must be based upon work done on 

 the St. Helen's farm. 



The soil consists partly of drift-gravel, partly of clay with 

 stones, the subsoil being more or less stony. It is none of it 

 really strong land, two horses being able to plough one acre a day. 

 Unfortunately no journal of work has been kept, and therefore in 

 endeavouring to arrive at the results we must base our calculations 

 upon the ordinary course of cropping. Confining our attention 

 to the St. Helen's farm (300 acres), we find that the following course 

 shift has prevailed, viz., 100 acres of wheat or barley, after fallow, 

 100 acres of fallow or green crops, and 100 acres of seeds and 

 oats, in the proportion of 30 acres seeds and 70 acres oats. 



The results are as follows : — 



Acres. 



100 acres fallow for wheat, 1 plough 100 



100 acres of stubble for fallow, 1 plough 100 



Acres. 



100 „ „ 3 cultivations = 300 



70 acres after wheat, ploughed 70 



Ploughed 270 



Cultivated 300 



