G44 Ahstrnct Report of Agricultural Discussions. 



liard-lipped or liard-moiitliecl worm. This also exists in tlio large 

 intestines, attaches itself by its sucking disc or mouth to them, feeds 

 on the juices of the animal, and lays the foundation for diarrhoea in 

 the same manner as the tricocephali do. Very frequently these two 

 kinds of worms coexist in immense numbers, and I myself have taken 

 great numbers of both from the same animal. Now, before throwing 

 out a hint as to the best means of getting rid of these, I will refer 

 to otlier worms which are present in the intestinal canal, and about 

 which persons are exceedingly solicitous ; I mean 



Tapewobms. 



They are more common in lambs than sheep. They often exist in 

 large numbers, and I have seen as many as a dozen or so in the intes- 

 tines of one animal. Their natural history is pretty well made out ; 

 they are, in fact, the perfect entozoa arising out of hydatids, those pecu- 

 liar bladder-like bodies which are met with in different parts of the 

 organism of various animals, and which are nothing more nor less than 

 the scolices of tapeworms. I believe that the dog is infested with 

 something like seven or eight varieties of tapeworm, and, with one 

 exception, I believe the whole history of the tapeworm is known. In 

 common with Dr. Cobbold, I have for some time been engaged in 

 investigating the development of this class of entozoa, and I have by 

 me, as Dr. Cobbold has also, tapeworms produced from various 

 hydatids which have been given to dogs, cats, and other carnivorous 

 animals. We have them at various ages. We gave the hydatids to 

 the dog, and killed him within a certain number of days, and found 

 the jiroduct of the hydatids present. And so we followed the develop- 

 ment of these creatures from time to time. I refer to these exjieri- 

 ments to show that we know something pretty certain with regard 

 to the tapeworm, but little as to the nematoid worm ; for as to how 

 these tricocei:)hali and sclerostoma get into the intestines and in- 

 crease in number, all we know ^ is that they are oviparous, perfect 

 male and female. Take some of the large intestinal worms by 

 way of illustrating this point. You have seen in the horse and in 

 other animals a large worm-, nearly a foot in length, very like the 

 earthworm, but very white in colour, and called, because it is like the 

 earthworm, the lumbricoid worm. I have a specimen in my possession 

 of a pig's intestines, with worms in it six or eight inches long, though 

 the pig was only six weeks old. There arc not less than between 200 

 and 300 ci-ammed into the intestines, and the worms are developed to 

 the size of an ordinary quill. I have other worms taken from dogs 

 only three weeks old, and these worms, though they are not lumbricoid, 

 are fully matured. In fact, they had been perfectly formed in that 

 short space of time ; but, strange to say, though they are found of 

 various sizes and of perfect form, you never find a young one as the 

 immediate product of these parent worms. Here is an egg which is 

 not visible to the native eye : that egg has to produce a yoimg worm, 

 which is to be developed somewhere; yet we never see it in such 

 a form as to enable us to say that it is a young lumbricoid worm. We 

 Icnow nothing about them ; but here is this fact, that if you take one 

 of these worms, cut it up, put it in a jar of water, allow it to remain 



