56 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 7 



nearly all of the agricultural colleges and experiment stations there have 

 developed departments of entomology, which are active and influential 

 centers in the different commonwealths for instruction and diffusion 

 of entomological knowledge. During this period of the establishment 

 and organization of governm.ent-aided institutions for agricultural 

 education and research, applied entomologj^ has made extraordinary 

 and rapid development, which is reflected in the large accessions to the 

 ranks of entomologists and the extent of federal and state appropria- 

 tions in support of this branch of science. The result of this great 

 increase in facilities has been organized instruction, experimentation 

 and research in entomology, and the rise of organizations of professional 

 entomologists, which constitute the great contributions of the present 

 era and are the outstanding features that mark a breach with entomo- 

 logical work of any preceding period. 



For the sake of the interest which the comparison of such statistics 

 may afford, as well as to show the scope and differentiation in ento- 

 mological activities at the present tim^e by the aid of public funds, the 

 following table has been prepared. The statistical statements deal 

 with the Bureau of Entomology in the U. S. Department of Agricul- 

 ture and the departm.ents of entomology in the institutions established 

 under the Acts of Congress of July 2, 1862, and August 30, 1890, most 

 of which maintain courses in agriculture; and with the agricultural 

 experiment stations which, with few exceptions, are organized under 

 the Act of Congress of March 2, 1887. The figures also include appro- 

 priations to various state institutions besides the foregoing, which 

 employ entomologists for instruction or research in entomology or for 

 the enforcement of agricultural laws designed to prevent the introduc- 

 tion of, and destruction of, injurious insects within the confines of the 

 different commonwealths. Owing to the complex organizations of a 

 number of institutions it has not been possible to give exact data in all 

 cases, but generally the amounts^ represent conservative estimates, 

 although in many instances they are quite accurate. 



> These figures were obtained by means of a questionnaire. In compiling the data 

 the estimates have been stated precisely as they were given. For purposes of ac- 

 curacy the statistical accounts dealing with the work of a single state were in most 

 instances submitted to the projjer authorities for correction and approval. It was 

 not possible to separate the amounts expended respectively for instruction, experi- 

 mentation and investigation. It is behoved that not all expenditures for 1912 are 

 accounted for, as in some estimates no allowances were made for publication expenses, 

 office help, etc. Moreovei, in certain counties of a number of states large sums are 

 raised by taxation for support of orchard and nursery inspection in addition to state 

 appropriations, which were not taken into calculation, as are indicated in the accom- 

 panying table. The reports from several states dealing with the financial support 

 for 1913 show great gains. The state of Pennsylvania has more than doubled its 

 appropriations. 



