60 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 7 



other individuals who served as helpers. The budget^ for 1913-1914 

 provides for an expenditure of $752,210.00. 



Extension of Scope of Applied Entomology 



The foregoing statistical accounts suggest many interesting and 

 significant points for further elaboration, but only a few of them can 

 in the brief remaining time be noted. Two impressive facts that 

 stand out clearly are (1) the growth of entomological functions, and 

 (2) the organization of entomological activities to keep pace with 

 modern requirements. The increasing appreciation of the services 

 that the entomologist can render for the public benefit has called into 

 existence new endeavors, and further extensions of his activities are 

 constantly being demanded. On his shoulders there has been laid 

 the stress of unusual tasks and duties which not many years ago were 

 neither foreseen nor expected. Indeed, things are being attempted 

 which were not even conceived by the earlier workers as part of their 

 possible functions. Broadly speaking, the principal fields in which 

 most entomologists are occupied are instruction and experimentation 

 or investigation, the line of cleavage between the latter being all too 

 frequently indistinctly marked. Not only is the work along these 

 lines being directed with increasing vigor and efficiency in many insti- 

 tutions, but the public is clamoring with greater insistence for exten- 

 sion activities of various sorts on a larger scale; also, for the further 

 expansion and stiffening of inspection and control work, which now 

 includes the certification of nurserj^ stock for insects and plant diseases, 

 examination of insecticides, inspection of bee diseases and control of 

 mosquitoes and other insects that threaten the health and comfort 

 of the community. The call for inspection and control work is espe- 

 cially urgent, never so urgent as today, and its importance has been 

 perhaps underestimated and underemphasized in the past by both 

 the federal and state authorities. The inspection of orchards and 

 nurseries, particularly, is becoming more extensive and more complex. 

 Once largely concerned with the San Jose scale, it is now directed 

 against such pests as the g"ipsy moth, the brown-tail moth, the chest- 

 nut blight, the blister rust, etc., in addition to the more common and 

 familiar species of insects and plant diseases. Because of the different 

 seasons in which these species are most active or are most liable to be 

 distributed, the attention of the inspection corps in some states is 

 pretty well occupied for the entire year in this endeavor, leaving little 

 time to devote to other duties. 



To no class of entomologists have these demands afforded more 

 serious problems than to those who are connected with the agricultural 



» Letter from Dr. L. O. Howard, Dec. 8, 1913. 



