106 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 7 



5. Certain states demand that all nursery stock from other states shall 

 have been fumigated before acceptance under their laws, and it hap- 

 pens that at least one of those states does not demand fumigation of 

 its own stock for interstate shipment, although San Jose scale is not a 

 stranger. Manifestly the scale conditions in some of our Eastern 

 States is such that fumigation should be required of all stock for inter- 

 state shipment. On the other hand, in Iowa, Nebraska, North and 

 South Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, where there is little or no 

 San Jose scale, it would be an unnecessary requirement, and these 

 uninfested states have a right to demand greater protection than they 

 have had in the past. 



It therefore seems wise that the Federal Horticultural Board should 

 determine the conditions in our states and use their judgment in es- 

 tablishing a quarantine area from which no nursery stock shall enter 

 interstate commerce, without proper and thorough fumigation with 

 hydrocyanic gas. 



The above recommendations are to be considered as personal opin- 

 ions of the writer, resulting from a considerable acquaintance with 

 nursery pests, nursery conditions and practices, and methods of nurs- 

 ery inspection in several sections of the country. 



INSPECTION FOR PLANT DISEASES 



By Dr. Perley Spaulding 



In your inspection of nursery stock you have already become familiar 

 with the various indications of the work of parasitic insects. It, there- 

 fore, will be relatively easy for you to separate the symptoms of diseases 

 caused by adverse physiological conditions and fungous parasites from 

 those troubles brought about by the insects. It may be well to briefly 

 consider the various symptoms of plant diseases. The most common 

 symptoms are the following : 



Pallor, either in part or of the entire plant, this usually occurring in 

 herbaceous plants and occasionally in the leaves of shrubs. This is 

 caused by certain adverse conditions of the soil. 



Spots on the foliage or occasionally upon the younger twigs of shrubs 

 and upon the main stems of herbaceous plants. These spots may be 

 white, gray, yellow, red, brown, black, or variegated. These are 

 caused by a great number and variety of fungous parasites. 



Shot hole of leaves. This usually occurs upon the stone fruits and 

 is caused by the attacks of a fungous parasite killing small circular 

 areas of leaf tissue which fall out and leave round holes. 



Wilting, either of entire plants or of parts. This may be caused' by 



