116 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 7 



often enough and with sufficiently favorable results to justify its fur- 

 ther trial. But there are inherent difficulties in the appointment of 

 foreigners to permanent government positions and, moreover, the best 

 of foreigners of mature experience can not be thus transplanted. 

 Neither of these difficulties, however, arises in relation to the tempo- 

 rary employment of foreign experts. It seems to me that the time has 

 come when this should be done with increasing frequency. It would 

 result not only in giving us promptly the best expert advice for 

 immediate application, but, what is scarcely less important, would give 

 the foreign specialist such an understanding of the American problem 

 as would make his further investigations more broadly inclusive of 

 American conditions and insure results proportionately more valuable 

 to us. Every student of the history of plant pathology recognizes the 

 gain to England directly, and to science indirectly, which came from 

 the employment of DeBary by the Royal Agricultural Society as 

 expert upon the problems which arose in connection with the potato 

 disease. Who will measure the advantage to American plant pathol- 

 ogy could we have had a professional visit of inspection with obliga- 

 tion for counsel from Aderhold, when he was at the height of his 

 understanding of German orchard pathology; or who will estimate 

 the stimulus to our progress upon cereal rust studies could we have 

 brought Ward to America for even a brief sojourn when he was prob- 

 ing deepest into their fundamentals, providing he came commissioned 

 and committed not alone to see but to advise? Surely if exchange 

 professorships are scientifically and economically justifiable in any 

 field, they are in plant pathology. ' ' 



THE GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTH QUARANTINE 



By D. M. Rogers, Boston, Mass. 



A brief statement follows of what is being done by .the U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture to prevent the spread, by the inspection of 

 various products, of these two European insects which have become 

 established in parts of New England. 



The passage of the Plant Quarantine Act of August 20, 1912, made 

 it possible to put into effect a quarantine of the areas in New England 

 infested with the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. This was 

 done by the Federal Horticultural Board and became effective on 

 November 25, 1912. 



There had been for nearly two years prior to that date a semblance 

 of such a quarantine by agreement with the transportation companies 

 doing business in the gipsy moth area, and the way partially smoothed 



