February, '14] MATHESON: NOVA SCOTIA SCALE CONDITIONS 141 



summer migrant the arrangement is as follows: III 6-10; IV 2-3; 

 V 2-5; VI 1-4. In the fall migrant paired wax glands are found upon 

 the pro-, meso- and meta-notum, while in the summer migrants none are 

 found upon any of the thoracic segments. According to the keys and 

 descriptions of American writers these differences would surely place 

 the fall and summer migrants in two distinct species and I believe that 

 the summer migrant will prove to be an already described species, 

 possibly Pemphigus populicaidis Fitch, Further study is needed be- 

 fore this point is decided. 



Summary 



Wingless viviparous females are found in the ground the year around 

 upon the roots of beets, weeds and grasses. 



In the fall winged individuals are produced which jEly to cottonwood 

 trees and deposit the true sexes. 



The sexes mate and the female deposits a single winter egg in the 

 crevices of cottonwood bark. 



The following spring the young louse hatching from the egg ascends 

 the tree, forms a gall, in which a single generation of lice is produced, 

 all of which are winged and become the summer migrants. 



The summer migrants fly to beets, weeds, and grasses and upon the 

 leaves of such plants give birth to young which decend to the roots 

 and start new colonies of winged viviparous females. 



THE SAN JOSE SCALE IN NOVA SCOTIA 



By Robert Matheson 



Nova Scotia is the most easterly province of the Dominion of Canada, 

 situated between 4.3° 30' and 47° north latitude. It is almost com- 

 pletely surrounded by water, being connected to the mainland by a 

 narrow strip of land only twelve miles wide. It is also deeply cleft 

 by many bays and harbors so that no place is more than a compara- 

 tively short distance from the coast. It has an area of 20,500 square 

 miles, a considerable portion of which is not well suited to agriculture. 

 The northwestern portion of the province lies in the transition zone 

 while the remainder has been placed in the Canadian zone. I do not 

 think this represents in all cases the true distribution of the faunal 

 zones of the province but this is due to our lack of knowledge of the 

 local fauna. The section from Windsor to Digby Ijang between the 

 north and south mountains forms the main fruit section and is spoken 

 of as the "fruit belt." Here apples, plums, cherries and pears are 

 grown extensively while peaches and grapes do fairly well in certain 

 sections though not grown commercially to any extent. Small fruits 



