June, '14] HOWARD: EDUCATION OF ENTOMOLOGISTS 275 



colleges and universities) and at the distribution of the individuals 

 among these institutions. 



In the history of the service there have been but four heads. Glover, 

 the first entomologist, received no university education, .but was 

 trained in art at JMunich, just as was Frederick Knab of the present 

 Bureau force at a much later date. Riley,, the second incumbent of 

 the office, was sent as a young boy from England to boarding schools 

 in France and in Germany (at Dieppe and Bonn) but came to this 

 country at the age of seventeen wdthout having any real college train- 

 ing. Comstock, the third entomologist, worked his way through 

 Cornell University, graduating with the class of 1874, The present 

 incumbent was one of Comstock's earliest students and graduated with 

 the class of 1877. Comstock held the office for two years only, and was 

 succeeded in 1881 by Riley, who also preceded him, the present incum- 

 bent succeeding Riley in 1894. 



The growth of the service was comparatively small dow'n to 1900, 

 and it is only within the last dozen years' that there have been great 

 additions to the force. 



In the tabulation w'hich I have made I have taken into consideration 

 only those men of sufficient scientific attainments to be capable of good 

 research W'Ork, and have not included men like Osborn, Hine, Bruner, 

 Newell and others who, while holding other positions, have been sal- 

 aried collaborators of the Bureau of Entomology. The following 

 tables give the colleges in which these men studied. It will be noticed 

 that the Massachusetts Agricultural College and Cornell University 

 have the largest representations, the Ohio State University coming 

 third, and the University of Colorado fourth. It should be stated 

 that all of the men indicated by the tables have come together in the 

 Bureau on the strength of their qualifications and their availability. 

 When a good man could be engaged, the question as to what college or 

 what section of the country he might come from has had very little, 

 weight, except that on certain special investigations in certain parts of 

 the country, where men were available who understood local conditions 

 and who knew the local people, these have been engaged. Thus 11 out 

 of the 20 men engaged on the scientific aspects of the moth work in 

 New England have studied at the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 

 some California men have been engaged for California investigations, 

 some from Utah and neighboring states for the alfalfa weevil and some 

 southern men for the cotton boll weevil and other Southern insect 

 problems. The United States Civil Service Commission now furnishes 

 most of the men through its examinations and these are held all over 

 the country. The papers are marked without personal knowledge of 



