June, '14 HUNTER: THE SANDFLY AND PELLAGRA III 293 



become fertilized very soon after emergence. In regard to the sug- 

 gestion made by Mr. Hunter as to watering manure in stables, it would 

 appear to me that this would have the disadvantage of decreasing the 

 manurial value. We must be very careful about advising farmers to 

 adopt a suggestion of this kind, for such a process would result in the 

 loss by leaching of the soluble plant food in the manure. 



Mr. Z. p. Metcalf: The town of Asheville, N. C, was one of the 

 first to take up active work against the house-fly and is one of the few 

 towns in the South that is continuing the work. The Board of Health 

 required that manure be placed in tight receptacles and damped very 

 slightly. While Asheville is not a fiyless town, it is very much better 

 in this respect than most towns of its size in the South. 



President P. J. Parrott: We will now listen to a paper by Prof. 

 S. J. Hunter, entitled 



THE SANDFLY AND PELLAGRA, HP 



By S. J. Hunter, University of Kansas, Laiorence 



Summary of Progress 



The work of obtaining evidence which would either confirm or refute 

 the Sambon theory was continued this year under a special fund 

 furnished by the Board of Educational Administration. The respon- 

 sibility for the entomological side of the question rests with the author 

 and the pathological side as manifested by the monkeys subjected to 

 the bite of the sandfly rests with Dean Crumbine of the Medical 

 School. 



In this connection it may properly be noted here that since the 

 publication of the last paper Harris has published an account of his 

 results in producing pellagra experimentally in monkeys. Based 

 upon his experiments, then, the monkey becomes a susceptible animal. 



The two most important additions to our studies are fixed on the 

 biting habits and morphology of the mouth parts of Simulium vitattum. 



Heretofore, we experienced little difficulty in encouraging the sandfly 

 to bite the patient but no extended attention had been given to the 

 biting habits in nature. 



Last August, owing to the limited water supply in the principle 

 sandfly inhabited brooks, this part of the study was transferred to 

 Madison River in southern Montana where all stages of the fly were 

 unusually abundant. Here it was observed that the fly would bite 

 the exposed parts and was more active on cool days while the tempera- 

 ture was below 70° F. 



'For papers I and II see this journal, Vol. V, No. 1, Feb., 1912, pp. 61-63, and 

 Vol. VI, No. 1, Feb., 1913, pp. 96-101. 



