August, '14] REVIEWS 353 



systems and the harmonizing of discordant elements in anatomical nomenclature 

 important though the latter may be. 



The first chapter outUnes the history of entomology as a branch of preventive 

 medicine, summarizes the classification of the arthropods and defines the principal 

 hfe zones. The next two chapters, over 140 pages, discuss the external and internal 

 anatomy respectively. The first is important as an aid to the identification of insects, 

 while a knowledge of the internal anatomy, both macroscopic and microscopic, is a 

 prerequisite for the satisfactory recognition of pathogenic conditions and the iden- 

 tification of the causative organism. 



Certain pathogenic Diptera and their close allies, such as the Culicidae, Tabanidae, 

 some Muscidse, are discussed in detail. Members of the Siphonaptera, Rhynchota, 

 Anopleura, Ixodidae and Acari are similarly treated. The organism's relation to 

 disease, its natural parasites, external anatomy, bionomics, methods of rearing in 

 the laboratory, are some of the matters discussed. Each of the principal chapters 

 concludes with a well-selected and classified biliography. 



Theinvestigator must first identify the insect. We have in this volume a number 

 of keys from various sources for the recognition of species. These are supplemented 

 by descriptions -and numerous illustrations. Careful directions are given for the 

 dissection of the various forms. The many practical hints for handling and rearing 

 are invaluable and exceedingly suggestive. This work is a necessity to all students 

 of the medical aspects of apphed entomology, particularly m tropical and subtropical 

 regions, while those in other sections will find much that is very serviceable. As a 

 reference work, this publication should appeal strongly to the general economic 

 entomologist and to all giving instruction of a collegiate grade. 



Flies In Relation To Disease, Non-bloodsucking Flies, by G. S. 

 Graham-Smith. Cambridge, Tiie University Press, 1913, pp. 

 i-xiv, 1-292, 24 pis. 32 text figs. 



This is a critical and very conservative account of the part non-bloodsucking flies 

 play in the dissemination of disease, as shown by available evidence. Furthermore, 

 the author lays a substantial foundation for subsequent investigations. Chapters 

 five and six, dealing with the structure of the proboscis and the functions of the 

 anterior part of the digestive system, are particularly strong and worthy of careful 

 study. They constitute a most fitting introduction to the chapters on habits, methods 

 of observing flies in captivity, and the distribution of bacteria, all replete with signifi- 

 cant facts and containing much of value respecting methods. The relation of flies 

 to the more important diseases is illuminated with much original data and is con- 

 sidered without prejudice to the organisms under discussion, the author refusing to 

 draw conclusions not amply supported by trustworthy evidence. He emphasizes 

 the need of more epidemiological data before drawing general conclusions. 



The entomologist, both economic and systematic, will be particularly interested 

 in certain portions of the anatomical discussions, the evidence relating to the dissemi- 

 nation of disease and that in regard to myiasis. The physician and others with similar 

 interests will find in this small volume an excellent summary and a practical intro- 

 duction to a difficult and complex subject. 



