October, '14] TOWNSEND: VERRUGA AND PHLEBOTOMUS 365 



for three weeks, during which time the Bartonia bodies were numerous, 

 after which his temperature dropped below normal and remained so 

 for about ten days, pains in the joints being prominent during this 

 period. He received an intravenous injection of neosalvarsan on" 

 November 10, being about 30 cc. He has had no fever since November 

 15, nor has his blood shown Bartonia bodies. Eruption began to 

 show December 24, and he has nearly regained his normal condition, 

 the only symptoms persisting being reduced weight and somewhat 

 reduced physical endurance. 



As the result of the experience gained in the above experiments, hair- 

 less dogs api3ear to be the most satisfactory laboratory animals for 

 verruga experimentation, at least in Peru. They are abundant and 

 easily obtained, not too resistant, and the eruption can readily be 

 seen upon them and photographed. Cebus monkeys are about equally 

 susceptible, but very difficult to obtain and also to handle, while their 

 thick coat of hair makes the finding and photographing of the eruption 

 quite inconvenient. Rabbits are moderately susceptible, and guinea 

 pigs rather less so. All of these animals appear more resistant to ver- 

 ruga than man. 



The solution used in the injections was a citrated normal saline 

 solution (Kronecker's artificial serum of Vogt and Yung, citrated). 

 The Phlebotomus were placed on a glass slide with a little of this and 

 crushed with a glass rod, the action being continued until the gnats 

 were so finely ground up that all would pass through the needle of the 

 syringe. The amount of solution used for an injection was usually 1 

 cc. In the case of the virus injections, the contents of the verrugas 

 were squeezed out in the same solution and injected. 



The writer calls especial attention to the finding of the Bartonia 

 bodies, or of what seem morphologically identical with them, in the 

 blood of laboratory animals. This is the first series of experiments 

 that have shown this condition. Previous investigators who have 

 succeeded in transmitting localized verruga to laboratory animals by 

 injection of human virus uniformly claim that they have been unable 

 to find Bartonia bodies in the blood, and that the characteristic blood 

 changes known for human cases are absent in such animals. Whatever 

 may be the true explanation of this, the writer wishes to emphasize the 

 necessity for prolonged search in studies of Bartonia in the lower ani- 

 mals. It may often be necessary to search a single smear two or three 

 hours, a half day or a whole day, in order to find a Bartonia body that 

 may be present in it, and even this length of time may be insufficient. 

 That this work is tedious in the extreme goes without saying, but when 

 one realizes that a half dozen or even half hundred smears taken from 

 an animal actually carrying Bartonia bodies in its blood at the time 



