430 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 7 



in by a second parasite the same day that the first oviposition took 

 place. These facts together with the fact that only one parasite ma- 

 tures in and emerges from a single scale certainly shows that normally 

 this parasite is uni-oviparous. 



In the cases where the hatching of the larva from the second egg 

 deposited occurs long enough after the hatching of the first egg, so 

 that the first larva has had time enough to nearly mature or to pass 

 into its second stage before the second larva hatches or is able to seriously 

 interfere with its feeding, then the second larva attacks the first and 

 enters its body usually posteriori}' and does not greatly injure the first 

 larva at first, as the second larva has been observed many times within 

 the body of the first, feeding on the stored granular substances of the 

 older larva while it was still feeding on the scale. In the case of win- 

 tering over forms, which will be discussed later, and in cases which 

 have been observed in the laboratory, the second smaller larva does 

 'not greatly injure the first larva until after it has passed its waste and 

 then with the rapid development of the second larva (during its second 

 larval stage) the first larva is consumed and the second then passes 

 its waste, pupates and emerges. 



Probably, in cases where the eggs laid are not separated by enough 

 time for the above to take place, the hatching larvae destroy each 

 other, or, on the other extreme, the egg resulting from the second 

 oviposition is destroyed before it hatches by the larva hatching from 

 the first egg. 



Large numbers of male second-stage scales were also examined for 

 the eggs and larvse of the parasite, but none were found. This seems 

 rather strange as it does not seem possible that the parasite distin- 

 guishes between male and female first-stage scales. Owing to the 

 comparatively small number of male second-stage scales found, it not 

 being possible to distinguish male first-stage scales from the female 

 scales, there being certainly far fewer males than females as compared 

 with the statement given by C. L. Marlatt (Bull. 62, n. s., Bureau of 

 Ent, U. S. Dept. of Agri., p. 43), that the male scales comprise 95 per 

 cent or more of those wintering over, the only suppositions then left 

 are that oviposition in male first-stage scales results in their death or 

 that in the material collected here at Amherst the males are actually 

 much fewer and are not oviposited in. 



Wintering over Stages 



As stated previously the parasites pass the winter as undeveloped 

 and partially developed eggs in the bodies of first- and second-stage 

 scales. The first larval stage also winters over in the second-stage 

 scales and also in the bodies of second-stage larval parasites, in the 



