R N. Salaman 275 



evidence supports this view. The words of Ezekiel — " Thy father was 

 an Amorite and thy mother a Hittite " — were not said merely in scorn. 

 There seems no reason to doubt that the original band of Abrahamites, 

 themselves of the same Semitic stock as the Assyrians, had mixed 

 during all the Biblical period with at least three different racial groups, 

 with the uative Semitic Canaanitish tribes similar to themselves, with 

 the Hittites, and with the Amorites. The Hittites, of whom several 

 conventionalised representations in Assyrian and Egyptian sculpture 

 exist, are now considered to be practically identical with the present- 

 day Armenians, the highly brachycephalic people who possess the so- 

 called Jewish nose. Of the Amorites very little is known, but it is 

 generally stated that they were a long-headed blonde race. It is quite 

 possible that they were blonde and it is not at all improbable that the 

 Amorites, like the Philistines, were non-Semitic and related to the 

 Central European people. It is to the Amorites that the constant 

 occurrence of blondeness amongst Jews is by most authors ascribed and 

 the Pan-Germanic school go so far as to identify the Amorites with the 

 Nordic race. This latter theory, fanciful at the best, is, as I hope to 

 show, entirely repudiated by the observations I shall soon detail. 



After the destruction of Jerusalem the Jews gradually spread 

 throughout Europe and the north coast of Africa. In Egypt, Jewish 

 colonies had existed for hundreds of years prior to this, and small 

 outlying groups were doubtless settled elsewhere, but the penetration 

 of Europe by Jews in any quantity began from the second century. It 

 is not necessary here to follow in any detail the paths of their 

 migrations. It should however be noted that from a very early date 

 the division amongst the Jews into those of the African and Mediter- 

 ranean Littoral, including the Iberian Peninsula on the one hand, and 

 those of Central Europe on the other, was established. The former 

 group are known as Sephardim, the latter as Ashkenazim. 



The general type of face amongst the Sephardim is somewhat 

 different to that commonly met amongst the Ashkenazim. The colouring 

 is more uniformly dark, the nose less frequently characteristic. They 

 resemble more closely the Southern European peoples. Notwithstanding 

 this, the great majority may be alwaj's recognised as Jews hy their 

 appearance, whilst one frequently meets amongst purely Sephardic 

 families individuals who are in no way different from their Ashkenazic 

 brethren. 



The Sephardim are often described as being the aristocrats of the 

 race and of a finer and more delicate type and purer blood. Whether 



Journ. of Gen. i 19 



