NOTES AND MEMORANDA. 85 



the origiiical cavity of the endocyst. The very remarkable shield-like 

 a2)j)endage which is attached to the lophophore G. 0. Sars regards as 

 epistome. Professor Allman traces its development as a primary bud 

 from the modified endocyst, and it again budding the latter finally 

 becomes the definitive polypide, while the j)rimary bud remains as but 

 a subordinate appendage. We have thus in Rhabdopleura an altera- 

 tion of heteromoi'phic zooids. 



Formation of Ovisacs in Copepoda. — In a recent work (on two 

 fresh-water Calanidae) Dr. Gruber, of Freiburg, in Baden, expressed the 

 conjecture that in some Copepoda the secretion for the formation of 

 the peculiar (so-called) ovisacs consisted in part of the emptied contents 

 of the adherent spermatophore. He now finds * that this is not so, as 

 he intends to show in a subsequent publication on the structure of 

 the sexual organs and the reproduction of Copepoda. The secretion 

 originates, as is seen in Diaptomus, in the oviduct itself, and is forced 

 out by the eggs on their exit through the sexual opening, and, being 

 hardened in the water, forms the sac. He has also demonstrated the 

 existence of a secretion in Cyclops filling the oviduct up to the vulva, 

 which certainly has the same object. 



The Conidia of Polyporus sulfureus, and their Development— 

 M. de Seynesf has discovered in Polyporus sulfureus, Bull, the pre- 

 sence of secondary organs of reproduction. 



A specimen of this fungus, gathered in the forest of Fontainebleau, 

 presented in the superior part of the receptacle, which usually 

 becomes white, a light drab tint and a very evident pulverulent state. 

 Examined under the microscope, the coloured tissue disaggregated 

 into a considerable number of small, rounded, free bodies, composed of 

 an envelope, thick, smooth, and refractive, and with contents consist- 

 ing almost wholly of an oily homogeneous nucleus, separated from the 

 wall by a thin layer of hyaline liquid. They are spherical, with a 

 tendency to become cruciform or oblong, and measure from • 005 mm. 

 by '006 mm. to '016 mm. by '019 mm. A certain number of them 

 are borne by the elongated cells, whose structure is the same as those 

 of the cells which form the pseudoparenchyma of the receptacle. 

 These cells are cylindrical and have a thick refractive wall, sometimes 

 quite obliterating their internal cavity. The ramifications branch off 

 usually at right angles, and they present sudden inflexions ; these 

 characters are so clear that they cannot be confounded with any 

 mycelium. We cannot then conclude that we have to do here with a 

 parasitic vegetation originating from the exterior. The situation of 

 these little bodies at the antipodes of the sporiferous tubes on the in- 

 terior of the receptacle, gives rise to a legitimate comparison with the 

 conidia of the receptacle of Fistidina hepatica. Thus we find extended 

 to the genus Polyporus an anatomical and physiological arrangement 

 which might seem to be confined to a genus of mixed characters, 

 and exceptional in many respects. 



The existence of endocarpous conidia in P. sulfureus reveals an 

 unexpected affinity between the Polyporei and the Lycoperdoidese. 



* ' Zoologischer Anzeiger,' vol. i. p. 247. 

 t ' Coniptes Rendus,' vol. Ixxxvi. p. 805. 



