NOTES AND MEMORANDA. 277 



between unicellular and multicellular animals, and indeed as 

 representing permanent Moridce. Multiplication takes place, in fact, 

 by the separation of a monadiform cell and its division into 2, 4, 

 8, &c., masses, by a process exactly resembling the segmentation of the 

 egg-cell in a Metazoon. Polytoma uvella is not included in this 

 family, since the morula form is not permanent, but breaks up into 

 separate individuals. 



2. Neiv Genera. — The following three genera are described as 

 being new to science. MerofricJia (^M.bacillata), a regularly oval uni- 

 flagellate monad ; JJrceolus ( U. Alenizini), another uniflagellate monad, 

 with transparent collar-like oesophagus ; and Kaeckelina^ (H. horealis), 

 a beautiful and highly interesting marine Moneron, which seems to 

 bear much the same sort of relation to the Tentaculifera (Acineta, 

 Podopliyra, &c.), as Protamoeba bears to Amoeba, Myxastrum to the 

 Gregarinidce and Protomonas to the monads.f It consists of a globular 

 colourless body, capable of very slight changes of form, devoid of 

 vacuole or nucleus but containing various granules. Its surface is 

 closely beset with a great number of very delicate stiff pseudopodia, 

 standing out at right angles to its surface, and about equal in length 

 to the diameter of the bcdy. The body is seated on one end of a 

 stem, the other extremity of w^hich is attached to foreign bodies (algfe). 

 The stem is long, slender, transparent, and solid, being quite devoid 

 of an axial " muscle." Nothing is known of the reproduction of this 

 interesting species. 



3. New Species. — The author describes a large number of new 

 species, which our space merely allows us to enumerate. They are 

 Cothurnia arcuata (marine), Vorticella pyrum (do.), Zoothamnium ma- 

 rinum (do.), Ejjisfylis balanorum (do.), Tintinnus Ussowi (do.), Oxytricha 

 Wrzesnioicskii (do.), 0. oculata (do.), Aspidisca Andreeivi (do.), Balan- 

 iidlum (?) medusarum (do.). Glaucoma Wrzesnioicskii (fresh-water), 

 Holophrya Kessleri (do.), Podophyra (Acinefa) conipes (marine), Dino- 

 physis arctica (do.), Htteromita sulcata (fresh-water), H. cylindrica 

 (marine), H. adunca (do.), Clathrulina CienJcowskii (fresh-water), Pleuro- 

 phrys angulafa (do.), Difflugia Solowetskii, Hyalodiscus Korotnewi 

 (marine). Amoeba minuta (do.), A. papillata (fresh-water), A. angulata 

 (do.), A. Jelaginia (do.), A. emittens (do.), A. alveolata (marine), A. 

 filifera (do.), and Protamoeba Grimmi (do.). 



4. Geograjjliical Distribution of Infusoria. — The author sums 

 up his remarks on this question in the form of three proposi- 

 tions. He considers it well established, firstly, that the marine 

 Infusorial fauna, being ex; osed, like any other animal fauna, to the 

 influence of external conditions, is wholly different to that of fresh 

 water. Secondly, that the infusorial (protozoicj faunas of different 

 seas, distinguished from one another by unlike conditions, are them- 

 selves different, and this difference is of the same character as that 

 existing in any group of the higher animals. Thirdly, that the 



* This name has beeu api)lied by Bessels to SaiidaM's Astrorhiza. See 

 'Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci.,' xvi. 221. 



t See the table on p. 677 of Huxley's ' Invertebrata,' giving the relations of 

 the various geueia of Monera to the groups of Endoplastica. The discovery of 

 Haeckelina fills up an important gap in this scheme. 



