402 General Report on the Exhibition of Implements 



perforations of the presser — the pressor is made use of to press the curd into 

 the vat : the cheese-making is thus completed in one vessel, which, we hclieve, 

 has never before been attempted. The machine is simple and easily managed 

 by a dairymaid — wheels, cogs, and complicated machinery being avoided ; 

 it occupies less space, is more portable, and requires less labour than any 

 other. The pressure upon the curd (increasing as it descends) is perfectly self- 

 acting, and can be regulated from 1 cwt. upwards, so tliat the dairymaid can 

 attend to other duties whilst the curd is gathered by the machine. It is said, 

 but we liad no means of proving tlie statement, that more curd and of a riclier 

 quality is obtained, than under the old process of clieese-making. That this 

 macliiue will economise labour is apparent, and that all the operations are 

 .simple and cleanly. The curd is not touched by the liands till it leaves 

 the apparatus in the form of cheese. The machines are made in different 

 sizes, and sold at prices within the reach of any dairy-farmer. 



A,Tuhular Churn, invented by Tiiumas A. J ebb of lUilfalo, New York, and 

 manufactured by I. G. Avery, of 135, Kegent Street, is a decided novelty, and 

 likely to prove very valuable. During the ])rocess a current of air is intro- 

 duced, which helps the separation of the fatty globules, and the temperature 

 can be regulated according to the season by tubes for hot or cold water. The 

 churn consists of a tub, through the cover of wliich are inserted two water- 

 tubes closed at the bottom, and an air-tube open throughout. These tubes 

 are jilaced near the sides of the tub, but do not reach the bottom. The 

 vertical s])indle is armed with dashers, the upper blades of which revolve in 

 the space between the water and air tubes, whilst the lower blades extend to 

 near the sides of the vessel and revolve imder the bottom of the tubes. The 

 dasiiers are bevelled, and are finest at upper edge; an arrangement that helps 

 to kee]3 tlie butter rising and prevents its being smeared at the bottom of the 

 tub. Motion is given to the shaft by means of a crank handle and bevel 

 wheels. A fly-wheel fixed on the top of the sjnndle, steadies the motion and 

 assists the operation. Butter can be churned from either sweet cream or new 

 milk. In the trial that we witnessed, a sample of beautifully granulated 

 butter was produced in four minutes from sweet cream. The buttermilk was 

 completely removed at one washing, and the churn is readily cleaned, being 

 very simple, all the working parts being readily removed. Churn No. 1, to 

 produce from 1 to 20 lbs. of butter, costs 4/. 4s. ; larger sizes are more expen- 

 sive. According to the evidence of Dr. Voelcker who has jiaid much attention 

 to this subject, this churn produces the butter entirely by mechanical means — 

 a manifest advantage. Butter that forms in that perfect granulated condition 

 is likely to keep well. Altogether we highly ajiprove of Jebb's Tubular Churn. 



Semicircular Pomeltrees, invented by E. Edmunds of Rugby, and ex- 

 hibited by Eansom and Sims. This is a newly-invented f)omeltree or main 

 draught bar for applying the draught of horses, &c., to ploughs, harrows, 

 cultivators, and other implements. It is made of wrought iron, and consists 

 of a semicircular bar of iron, at each end of which is a hook for attaching the 

 ordinary whipjjletrecs. This bar is strutted with a tubular rod through which 

 a bolt passes and keeps it firm. 



On the semicircle a wheel or pulley travels, and to this pulley a hook is 

 attached for forming the connexion with the implement. Owing to this 

 arrangement tlie draught is always regular ; and the draught line always passes 

 through the centre of the circle, whatever position the pomeltrees may take, 

 owing to one horse being in advance of the other, their leverage remaining 

 equal. On turning at the land's end, the pomeltree clears the horses' legs, as one 

 end follows the outside horse, and the other end draws away from the inside 

 horse : they thus never tread on it, or get entangled in the traces. Another 

 advantage is that any irregularity in the draught does not immediately aflect 

 the steady motion of the implement, as the point of attachment is not rigid, 

 the pulley allowing of slight sideway motion without moving the implement. 



