478 Abstract RepoH of Agricultural Discussions. 



its original cellular character is seen still to exist ; tlie whole mass 

 being, in fact, made up of wcll-detined microscopic cells. (Fig. 4.) 



On using a little gentle traction, the indi- 



frA (Q) vidual disc may be easily detached from the 



/^ (^ imderlying membrane, leaving a surface 



(^^ l>' v/liich, although \Yanting in the polish and 



r^ Av" " ' ■ • "-'^^ f~h velvety appearance of the siu-roxmding area, 



\^l . • C^' vS) is exactly on a level ^dth it. 



(^""yV '.'... O . *:■'. r\ I \iQ.\o suggested that these patches proba- 



(P^_ \/^ ••-o-''C ^^y exhibited the disease in a retrogressive 



O.O v^y.^^-^^ stage — the stage preliminary to repair. I 

 ' (^ .^■>' ^ infer this partly from the history of the case 



^ '•- from which the sj)ccimen was taken, and 



Fig. 4.— cv'iis irom Deposit in jnirtly fi^om the morbid aj^pearances them- 



Jntestine. g^^j^^g^ 



The pig to which this intestine belonged lived to the twenty-sixth 

 day; and, a Avcck before its death, gave every sign of approaching 

 convalescence. Appetite had returned : diarrhoea had nearly ceased ; 

 the animal had become more lively ; and nearly every symptom of the 

 fever proper had disappeared. At this juncture i)lcuropneumonia of 

 the right lung supervened, and speedily proved fatal. After dcatli, 

 the greater part of this lung was found in a state of hepatisation, and 

 its whole suiface covered by a soft, recent, yellow fiilse membrane. 



The condition of the patches themselves was still more indicative of 

 a reparative tendency. In the early and middle stages of the disease, 

 these patches were highly vascular ; their surface was an open ulcer ; 

 and the surrounding membrane, where the morbid changes were 

 severe, was often much thickened and deeply injected. In the stage 

 before us, tlie patches were no longer in the condition of open sores, 

 but had become hardened into crusts ; and the surroimding vascularity 

 had for tlie most part cntii-ely faded awaj'. When torn ojff by gentle 

 traction, the underlying membrane seemed only to require a new 

 epithelium to be restored to a soimd conditioii. 



The various appearances which I have here attempted to describe 

 represent the ditfercnt phases of what may be called the typical form 

 of the local affection. In some cases, in addition to these, a condition 

 of intestine is found which is the precise counterpart of human 

 dysentery. The dra^A-ing Fig. 5 ("p. 477) represents the lower part of a 

 small intestine, which for a length of eight inches or more is coated 

 with a thick layer of that form of exudation which the Germans call 

 " croui)al," and which is characteristic of dysentery in its severest 

 form. One of the large intestines exhibits ajipearauces of the same 

 character, associated with extensive sloughing and ulceration of the 

 mucous membrane. These dysenteric alterations are, as far as I have 

 seen, always attended by that gi-eat thickening of the gut, from sub- 

 mucous infiltration, with which those who are practically acquainted 

 with the morbid anatomy of dysentery are so familiar. 



The large intestine is the chief — -in some cases the exclusive seat of 

 the disease. In the case, for instance, from which this drawing was 

 taken, the three small ulcers in the lower pai't of the ilemn represented 



