Tijphoid Fever in Pifjs. 485 



members of the Society. The disease was therein spolreu of as being 

 of the natiu'e of diphtheria, and it was so described because he had 

 found that tlie deposits upon the mucous membrane in the early stages 

 of the malady bore a close analogy to the deposits which were seen 

 in diphtheria — (Dr. Budd : " Certainly.") — and he did not see why in a 

 diiihtheroid disease those deposits might not be in any j)art of the 

 intestinal track, as well as upon the fauces. In fact, the deposit might 

 exist in various parts of the body. He made that observation because 

 he had seen again and again in pigs de2:)osits taking place upon the 

 pharynx, the fauces, and the epiglottis, precisely in the same manner 

 as in the human subject. This showed, at all events, that pigs were 

 susceptible of that jiarticular class of aifections. 



With reference to the contagiousness of the disease he quite agreed 

 with Dr. Budd, and further he agreed that in dry seasons it was j^ro- 

 bably more contagious than in wet, and for the reason Dr. Budd had 

 explained. Perhaps the " materics morbi " breaks up. if it bo in a 

 iluid, like sewage. He found, however, that it was contagious as well 

 in winter as in summer — (Dr. Budd: " True ") — that it made as much 

 progress in wet wealher as in dry, but that j)igs differed considerably 

 in their susceptibility to its action. In his experience the disease 

 rarely attacked aged j)igs ; it had in some cases spared all the old pigs 

 on the farm, whilst it had swept off nearly the whole of the young 

 ones. He could not admit, therefore, that the farmer was likely to 

 lose all his pigs when his herd v\^as attacked. Animals that v/ere 

 upwards of six months old resisted the disease in a most remarkable 

 manner. With regard to the means by v*^hich the morbific matter 

 might be propagated, he thought it was most likely to be propagated 

 through the medium of the atmosphere. That other agents might 

 also be conductors of it he vrould not dispute; but he came to 

 the conclusion which he had stated from the circumstance that he 

 had seen the disease existing upon hill-farms where the coimtry all 

 arovmd was open, and vrhere there was no possible communication 

 between that and other farms. He had seen it also among pigs 

 that were kept in the best possible manner, and fed upon the 

 best possible food, and that lay in houses that might rather be 

 called parlours for pigs to dwell in than styes. The animals were 

 washed two or three times a week, and treated with the greatest care, 

 just as if the owner had intended to send them for exhibition to a 

 cattle-show. This was a fact of some value — because it indicated, 

 not only that pigs thus well managed were susceptible of the affection, 

 but that no precaution gave security to the animal ; and especially 

 was the fact of value v/hen he contrasted it with another to which he 

 would allude. In one of his visits to the country for the purpose of 

 investigating the disease, he saw a large nmnber of pigs on one farm 

 that were the subjects of the affection. These were chiefly young pigs 

 that had been bred upon the farm — and of all the mismanaged animals 

 he ever met with, they were the worst. They were running about in 

 the mud, and dwelling in places that were as filthy as any the imagi- 

 nation could picture. As soon as the young pigs v/ere weaned they, 

 were fed exclusively upon bran and water. Thus were brought into 



