VOLUMES ONE TO TWENTY-FIVE. 



179 



worTihuj traction implements. — Fowler's 

 arrangement, 194; the plough and 

 cultivator, 195 ; cost, work performed, 

 and list of purchasers, 19G ; Mr. Wil- 

 liams's patents for wii-e ropes and for 

 l")itoh chain, to render engine self-pro- 

 pelling, 197 ; his use of steam windlass 

 for felling trees, &c. ; Mr. Smith, of 

 Woolston, cost of his tackle, ib. ; 

 Chandler and Oliver's combined mnd- 

 lass and engine, 198 ; Hayes's combined 

 windlass, ib. ; Massey's rope-guide, ib. ; 

 Howard's vertical drum, ib. ; Boydell 

 and Tuxford's engines suited to road 

 more than fields, 199 ; Halkett's culti- 

 vation by rail, ib. ; its cost per acre, &c., 

 200 ; its facilities for performance of 

 other operations ; carrying manm-e, iiTi- 

 gatiou, trenchmg, &c., 201. Locomotives 

 for farms and common roads, see " Trac- 

 tion engines." Practical Experience. — 

 Mr. Pike, of Stevmgton, Bedford, 210 ; 

 liis farm described, 211 ; contrast be- 

 tween i-esults of steam and horse cul- 

 ture, work done per day, &c., 212 ; his 

 letter to Messrs. Howard, 213 ; value of 

 work done by steam, 214 ; sum i^aid for 

 work done Ijy hh-e, ib. ; abolition of 

 fallows, 215 ; use of steel ropes, ib. ; 

 Mr. Eandall's farm, near Evesham, 

 and his experience witli the Woolston 

 grubber, 21G; use of the cultivator to 

 kill couch grass, 217 ; his estunate of 

 cost of work, wear and tear, &c., 218 ; 

 Mr. Smith's farm, Woolston, cost of 

 work, 219 ; decrease of horses kept, ib. ; 

 pm'chasers of the Woolston tackle, 220 ; 

 instances and causes of bad success, 

 221 ; Mr. Bird's farm, near Wolver- 

 hampton, ib. ; cost of horse-ploughing, 

 ib. ; his steam culture with Fowler's 

 plough, ib. ; estimate of cost (with in- 

 terest on 200 days) of self-propelling 

 engine, &c., 222 ; Mr. Eechnan's expe- 

 rience with Fowler's tackle at Over- 

 tovm, Swindon, 224 ; his soil a sticky 

 marl, ib. ; cost of ploughing by horse or 

 ox i^ower, ib. ; di'aught on the plough, 

 225 ; the power of the horse expended 

 in his walking over heavy soils, ib. ; 

 work done, and estimate of cost, ib. ; 

 Sir. Fowler's estimate and cost of re- 

 paus, wear and tear, 220 ; diflerence in, 

 Ijctween capital from liorses or oxen, 

 and that from steam ta('kle, 227 ; gains 

 in working and from improved culture, 

 ib. 

 Steaji cultm-e, its present aspect (P. 

 H. Frere), xxi. 401 ; references to 

 recent writers (Clarke, Morton, and 

 Wells), ib. ; cultivation of clay lands, 



402 ; calculations of. cost by the 

 Cantcrbmy judges, 403 ; prices paid 

 for hiring, ib. ; jwevailing niiscoucop- 

 tions, 405 ; consumption of fuel, ib. ; cost 

 of removals and repairs, 406 ; wear and 

 tear scrutinised, ib. : average day's 

 work witli Fowler's cultivator, ib. ; ex- 

 perience of Messrs. Holland, Eedman, 

 King, Saltmarshe, Major Banks, Strat- 

 ton, and Arnot, 407 ; Smitli's culti- 

 vator ; exiaerience of Lord Hatherton, 

 and Messrs. Smith, Pike, and Faux, 

 408 ; limitation of work in a season, 

 409 ; advantage of a powerful engine, 

 ib. ; the engine's working days, ib. ; 

 cost of manual laboiu and water-cart, 

 410 ; criticism of reports and estimates, 

 411; cost of a trained engineer, ib.; 

 qualities of coal, ib. ; cost of removal, 

 412 ; and steam power, ib. ; defects in 

 theories of cost, ib. ; erroneous estimates 

 of time and work, 413 ; wear and tear, 

 ib. ; experience derived from steam 

 thrashing, 414 ; cost of Fowler's 12- 

 horse engine and tackle, repairs, depre- 

 ciation, rope, gearing, ploughs, &c., 

 415 ; cost per sea.son and per day, 416 ; 

 prime cost of Smith's cultivator and S- 

 horse engine, ib. ; wear and cost of 

 rope, 417 ; working cost per day, ib. ; 

 ploughmg and scarifying by horse 

 power, 418; Stevenson's theory of tho 

 horse's traction power, ib. ; J. C. Mor- 

 ton's calcidations, ib. ; variations in 

 amoimt of work in difiercnt months, 

 419; advantages of mixed occupations 

 of light and heavy soils, 420 ; valua- 

 tions of tillages, ib. ; hand-power illus- 

 trations by Morton and Pusey, 421 ; dis- 

 tribution and equalisation of labour, 

 ib. ; impoi-tance of steady employment 

 for laboiurers, 422 ; the liorses working 

 days in a year, ih. ; number of hom-s' 

 work in a day, 423 ; yearly cost, 41?. ; 

 average hourly cost, 5d., ib. ; in the 

 busy season, lid., 424 ; value of horse 

 power as compared with steam, ib. ; 

 cost of steam-power work per day, ib. ; 

 special merits of Fowler's and Smith's 

 apparatus, ib. ; inversion of the soil, 

 426 ; " sraashing-up," ib. ; adaptation 

 of size and shaj^e of fields for steam 

 culture, 427; rapid improvement in 

 existing systems, 428 ; suggested alter- 

 ations and improvements in estates, 

 429 ; small enclosures, high fences, and 

 trees, ib. ; ponds and loads, 430 ; Down- 

 ing college estates, ih. ; points of in- 

 quiry; letter &om Mr. Holland, M.P., 

 431 ; cost of old machinery and tackle, 

 ib. ; new and unproved chtto, 432 ; Avork 

 m 2 



