132 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 10 



It was applied to several species of trees by men working under the 

 direction of Mr. D. M. Rogers. Bands about three inches wide were 

 placed on the trees by using a wooden paddle similar to that with which 

 tanglefoot is applied. The material did not give satisfaction, as it 

 dried out in some parts of the band, and there was a decided tendency 

 for it to run down the tree trunk when exposed to high temperature. 

 It is probable that the difficulty experienced with this material was 

 due to the method of application, but as it did not look promising 

 further experiments were not continued. 



In 1912, Mr. L. H. Worthley, while employed by the Bureau in 

 making gipsy moth investigations in Europe, observed the successful 

 use of Raupenleim in the German forests. He obtained a barrel of 

 the material and had it shipped to the Bureau at Melrose Highlands, 

 Mass. He also secured a sample of the gun used in applying the bands 

 to the trees. This instrument consists of a tin cylinder, in one end of 

 which is a small, somewhat rectangular orifice. Into the cylinder is 

 fitted a plunger which can be forced forward in such a way as to 

 slowly press the banding material through the orifice. To apply the 

 banding material to a tree, it is simply necessary to place the orifice 

 against the tree trunk, gradually forcing the material through while 

 the operator moves slowly around the tree until he has encircled it. 

 Experiments conducted by Mr. Worthley with this material during 

 the summers of 1913 and 1914 indicated that it was very effective in 

 preventing caterpillars from ascending the trees and that no injury 

 was caused to the bark. Since the time these experiments were con- 

 cluded, it has been impossible to obtain more of the German product. 

 An attempt was made in the winter of 1915 to procure a similar prod- 

 uct in this country. Samples were sent to the Federal Insecticide Board 

 and through the courtesy of Dr. J. K. Heywood, chairman of the board, 

 the matter was investigated by Mr. C. C. McDonnell who detailed Mr. 

 E. L. Griffin, one of his assistants in the Insecticide and Fungicide Lab- 

 oratory, to make a special study of the material. At our suggestion, 

 y^everal samples were prepared having slightly different consistencies 

 and these were tested during the winter in a chamber especially 

 Resigned for the purpose, where different temperatures were main- 

 tained in order to determine whether the samples would remain 

 intact if subjected to high temperature. The two best samples were 

 selected and a quantity of the material was prepared for use in the field 

 during the summer of 1915. Good results were secured, and at our 

 request two tons each of the two samples were prepared and applied in 

 the field during the spring of 1916. The purpose of using so large an 

 amount was to make the test extensive enough so that definite con- 

 clusions could be drawn. The material was used in New Hampshire, 



