270 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 10 



eral inspectors and many of the officers of the packing estabhshments 

 have shown interest in the question of insect control about the respec- 

 tive estabhshments. In many cases the packers are inchned to delay 

 putting into force measures recommended and attempt to justify their 

 attitude with the statement that little can be done toward control as 

 long as municipalities immediately surrounding them do nothing along 

 this line. In many other instances, however, the superintendents of 

 meat packing plants have cooperated heartily in all control work un- 

 dertaken. The work, in so far as it appertains to establishments un- 

 der federal control, is progressing very satisfactorily. It might be 

 mentioned that this is one of a few instances where recommendations 

 looking toward the control of insects can be successfully put into effect 

 by law, but here, as in most other cases, educational work can be 

 largely depended upon to oring results. 



Some of the Special Ppoblems Invol\ ed 



In general, it is found that the packing houses under bad fly condi- 

 tions produce the major part of the flies and other insects which give 

 annoyance about the respective premises. On the other hand, when 

 these plants eliminate practically all breeding places, flies still exist 

 in considerable numbers and it must be conceded that large numbers 

 come from surrounding breeding grounds not under the control of the 

 establishments. Unfortunately, many packing houses are located in 

 districts where the conditions are favorable to insects and in turn the 

 establishments themselves tend to produce this class of conditions in 

 their environs. In some cases portions of cities abutting the packing 

 house and stock yards districts are inadequately provided with sewers 

 and many other insanitary conditions prevail. It has also been ob- 

 served that city dumping grounds, where all sorts of refuse is accumu- 

 lated and flies are bred in myriads, often are not far removed from 

 slaughter house districts. The houses themselves, on account of the 

 production of various types of attractive odors, seem to have a ten- 

 dency to center the flies from all of these outlying districts in their im- 

 mediate environs. Hence the proprietors and operators are confronted 



Explanation of Plate 15 



1. Dump at slaughter house showing method of filhng low places with paunch 

 manure and other refuse. Note the roughened appearance of pile at left due to 

 burning of dry portions, and smoke from fire at right. Unfortunately burning of 

 fresh material which wall produce flies in great numbers is difficult under out-door 

 conditions. 



2. Small rendering plant where fly conditions are very bad. Note offal on plat- 

 form with open bin containing bones behind it. The meat is largely disposed of by 

 maggots. Photographs bj' H. P. Wood. (Original.) 



