274 journal of economic entomology [vol. 10 



Lines Followed in Control 



It has been the practice of packing concerns heretofore to spend all 

 the funds used improving the appearance of their premises on the 

 front of the grounds. This plan is being changed considerably and 

 much attention is given to the cleaning and beautifying of the interior 

 portions of the grounds. 



On account of the conditions mentioned in the preceding pages it 

 has been found necessary to practice nearly all known means of fly 

 control. The first consideration is to abolish breeding places. This 

 demands many permanent improvements. It has been found best, 

 from the standpoint of the operator as well as from the sanitarian's 

 point of view, to permanently abolish in so far as possible all breeding 

 places rather than to depend on giving them constant attention. As 

 illustrations of the permanent improvements desirable may be given 

 the construction of good buildings for all manufacturing processes, 

 especiall}^ where tanking and other work which is conducive to the 

 attraction and breeding of flies is done. This permits of thorough clean- 

 ing in these inedible departments as well as in the portions of the plant 

 where products intended for food are handled. The installation of 

 modern equipment with ample capacity for use in such processes as 

 tankage drying, hair drying and bone drying, and also a provision 

 for ample storage room. The concreting of horse stalls and holding 

 pens for stock and areas where paunch manure, stable manure and 

 hog hair are loaded are usually necessary to attain the ends desired. 

 The prompt shipment of manure and undried hog hair, green bones 

 and hides should be insisted upon when this method of disposal is 

 followed. When hog hair, horns, hoofs and bones are dried at the 

 plant this must be done promptly and thoroughly. The proper tank- 

 ing of bones has also been found to decrease the amount of fly breeding 

 in this class of material, especially if the bone tankage is stored under 

 roof. 



Probably the most important single improvement wliich can be 

 installed is an incinerator with a capacity sufficient to handle all ref- 

 use, such as paunch manure, stable manure, settHngs from catch 

 basins, and damaged crates and other containers, soiled wrappers and 

 sawdust, all of which are attractive to flies. The question of the in- 

 stallation of incinerators is one which deserves consideration by every 

 municipality, as well as the packing houses. 



When all possible breeding places have been eliminated there still 

 exist some places — usually of a temporary nature — which must be 

 treated for the destruction of maggots and the prevention of egg-laying 

 by the flies. It has been found that often a very small leak in a blood 

 conveyor or stick water tank will produce favorable breeding places 



