468 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 10 



emerged. Up to June 10 no adults were seen about the compost heap 

 or in houses although a very few were present in the stables, averaging 

 ten to twelve to a stable. 



From these observations it would seem that the temperature of 

 Minnesota winters is not favorable to the overwintering of the house- 

 fly in any except the adult stage and that stage only in places where 

 there is a sufficiently high temperature and where food conditions are 

 favorable. 



References 



1909. Jepson, J. P. Some Observation on the Breeding of Musca domestica During 

 the Winter Months. Rpts. Local. Gov. Bd. on Public Health and Medical 

 Subjects. London (N. S.), No. 5. 



1909. Newstead, R. Second Interim Report on the House-fly as Observed in 

 the City of Liverpool. C. Tinling and Co., Liverpool. 



1910. Hewitt, C. G. Pupation and Overwintering of the House-fly. Can. 

 Ent., vol. 47, p. 73. 



1913. Skinner, H. How Does the House-fly Pass the Winter? Ent. News, 

 vol. 24, p. 303. 



1913. CoPEMAN, S. M. Hibernation of House-flies. Prelim. Rpt. Rpt. to Local 

 Gov. Bd. on Public Health and Medical Subjects. London (N. S.), No. 6. 



1914. CoPEMAN, S. M. and Austen, E. E. Do House-flies Hibernate? Rpt. to 

 Local Gov. Bd. on Public Health and Medical Subjects. London (N. S.), 

 No. 7. 



1915. Skinner, H. How Does the House-fly Pass the Winter? Ent. News, vol. 

 26, p. 263. 



1915. Lyon, H. Does the House-Fly Hibernate as a Pupa? Psyche, vol. 22, 

 p. 140. 



1915. Hewitt, C. G. Pupation and Overwintering of the House-fly. Can. Ent., 

 vol. 47, p. 73. 



1916. Graham-Smith, G. S. Observations on Habits and Parasites of Common 

 FUes. Parasitology, vol. 8, p. 440. 



1915. BiSHOPP, F. C, Dove, W. E., and Parman, D. C. Notes on Certain Points 

 of Economic Importance in the Biology of the House-fly. Jour. Econ. Ent., 

 vol. 8. 



1916. AsHWORTH, J. H. A Note on the Hibernation of Flies. Scottish Naturalist, 

 No. 52, p. 81. 



1916. Dove, W. E. Some Notes Concerning Overwintering of the House-fly 

 Musca domestica, at Dallas, Texas. Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 9, p. 528. 



