494 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 10 



teeth situated medianly on the front of the head, doubtless enables the pupa to pierce 

 or saw through the cocoon on emergence. Appendages not fused to the body. 

 Metathoracic legs and antennse equal in length and reach to the last abdominal seg- 

 ment. Two pairs of bristles present on the thorax, one pair laterally on the dorsum of 

 both the meso- and meta-thorax. A smaller, stouter bristle is situated on the lateral 

 sides of the abdominal segments dorsal to each spiracle. Spiracles situated on an- 

 terior lateral margins of the abdominal segments project as tuberosities. The an- 

 terior fifth of each abdominal segment is banded by spine-like projections similar to 

 those found in the larva and pre-pupa but less distinct. Cremaster absent. Last 

 four abdominal segments movable. 



Emergence of Adult. — Just previous to the emergence of the 

 adult, the pupa works its way forward, puncturing the cocoon with 

 its spear-hke projection and forcing itself half out of the cocoon. In 

 this position the pupa case splits, liberating the tiny moth. This 

 takes place in the vicinity of Amherst, Mass., from the middle to latter 

 part of July. The duration of the pupal stage is at least fourteen days. 



Adult (Fig. 24, 4): 



"Labial palpi white, second joint dark fuscous exteriorly; maxillary palpi white on 

 the inner side, fuscous exteriorly. Antennie white, annulated with brown. Face, 

 head and thorax shining silvery white. Fore wing white with golden-brown and black 

 markings; at the base of the wing is a brown costal spot, on the middle of the wing is 

 a golden-brown transverse fascia, broader on the costal edge than on the dorsal and 

 edged posteriorly by a sharp black, somewhat angulated line; at apical third is an 

 outwardly strongly oblique fascia attenuated towards dorsum and edged posteriorly 

 with black, and a similar fascia also edged with black, but hardly so oblique is situ- 

 ated between this and the tip of the wing. Across the cilia and the extreme tip of 

 the wing is a transverse streak of mixed brown and black. Fore and middle legs with 

 swollen black femora and white tarsi. Hind legs white, shaded e.xternally with 

 brown; tibite smooth. 



"Alar expanse: 6 to 7 mm." — Busck's description of Marmara (Gracilaria) elotella 

 in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, 1909, p. 102. 



At the end of this description Mr. Busck states that this species is 

 very close to Marmara (Gracilaria) fulgidella Clemens, and on com- 

 paring the two descriptions I find they practically coincide. However, 

 Mr. Busck has made slide mounts of the male genitalia of M. fulgi- 

 della and M. elotella and has found that the two species are abun- 

 dantly distinct. The fact that M. fulgidella mines in the bark of 

 white oak and chestnut, while M. elotella mines in apple, coupled with 

 their distinct genitalia proves that these are different species, but, 

 nevertheless, are difficult to separatijlj by descriptions. 



As a supplement to the original description of M. elotella the fol- 

 lowing notes are added : 



Fore and middle femora black at both ends. Distal end of middle tibia black and 

 bearing two scale-covered spines which are usually black at base and white apically. 

 Tarsi either white or marked with black at the distal end of each segment. From 

 near the base of hind tibia originate two white scale-covered spines, the larger one 



