December, '17] pemberton and willard: parasite cage 525 



ditions. The mixture can be sown thick or thin depending upon how 

 rapidly the operator travels through the field. Where grasshoppers 

 were found to be very numerous, by walking slowly and whirling the 

 tube regularly the mixture was scattered much thicker than where 

 they were found to be less numerous and the operator walked at a 

 natural gait. 



It is necessary to have the oranges or lemons ground through a 

 food grinder in order to prevent the tube from becoming stopped up 

 by the peehngs. Many farmers in these counties used old grain 

 sacks cut in two at the middle and strapped over their shoulders in 

 the manner shown in the photograph. One objection to using a grain 

 sack for the bag is that the sweetened mixture penetrates through the 

 cloth and soils the clothes of the man operating the seeder. The writer 

 prepared a bag made of water-proof canvas which overcame this diffi- 

 culty. Hardware dealers generously supplied the galvanized or tin 

 tubes at the cost of the material plus labor, and sold them at forty 

 cents each. The rest of the outfit was made in a few minutes at the 

 farms. Where it was scattered with these seeders/the grasshoppers 

 ate all of the posioned bait in a few hours and every particle of the 

 poisoned bran was utilized. Owing to their cannibalistic habits, 

 many grasshoppers apparently died from eating the dead bodies of 

 their less fortunate brothers. It was estimated that 75 to 90 per cent 

 of the grasshoppers were killed by one apphcation of the poison bran 

 mash, scattered by means of these seeders. Public demonstrations 

 were given in each township in Thomas County, and the general opin- 

 ion as expressed by the farmers was that this cheap and simple device 

 made it possible for them to scatter the poison bran mixture over a 

 much greater acreage than they had heretofore attempted. This 

 type of seeder is recommended by the writer to any who may be super- 

 vising grasshopper campaigns in the future. 



NEW PARASITE CAGES 



By C. E. Pemberton and H. F. Willard, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, 

 Honolulu, T. H. 



During recent studies of introduced Braconid parasites of the 

 Mediterranean fruit-fly (Ceratitis capitata) in Hawaii, the adoption 

 of certain improved cages for confining the parasites has given such 

 satisfactory results that it is considered important to place on record a 

 description of these cages. 



A glass tube, jar or chimney, in one form or another, with one or 

 more openings tightly plugged or covered, has been usually used by 



