December, '17] 



SCAMMELL: CRANBERRY VINEHOPPER 



555 



Adult Stage 



The mature vinehopper is light green, approaching yellow, in general 

 color, with brown face and two streaks of brown, extending from the 

 face, along the edges of the thorax and prolonged on the inner margin 

 of each fore wing. Occasionally a pink form is found. The fore 

 wings are very large, appearing leaflike with their prominent network 

 of veins, and are held vertically, giving the insect a fiat-sided appear- 

 ance (Plate 29, fig. D). They first appear on the bogs in early August, 

 and by mid-August outnumber the nymphs. Bog collections have 

 shown them to be abundant as late as October 10, with the date of 

 latest capture as October 20. 



OVIPOSITION 



The earliest field collection of eggs was made August 19, but egg 

 laying was not common until the first week of September. In the 

 process of oviposition the female rests on the upright with head down- 

 ward and abdomen curved so as to place the posterior end at right 

 angles to the upright. Several minutes are required to saw the egg 

 slit and make the deposition, all observations being made in late 

 afternoon. 



Seasonal History 



Natukal Enemies 



In one of the wire screen breeding cages, stocked with thirty nymphs, 

 a gradual diminishing in numbers took place and after a period of close 

 watching, it was learned that a small spider had entrance to the cage 

 and was carrying off the nymphs. Since the bogs are plentifully sup- 

 plied with spiders they must be of considerable service in reducing the 

 numbers of this species. 



Some of the caged nymphs were found dead and covered with a 

 white, fungous growth but this disease was never encountered in the 

 field observations. 



Control 



Although the vinehoppers are, occasionally, abundant on some of 

 the cranberry bogs, yet a careful study of the situation is practically 



