Aligu«t 4, 1863. ] 



JOTJENAI, OP HOETICTJLTUEE AND COTTAGE GAEDEjSmi. 



8S 



point but one, it has as regai-ds that one — ^viz., point 9th, 

 a serious defect — it only burns coke "well. 



In respect to a boiler on a new principle, I have a notion 

 that a series of cii'culax tubes would be better than upright 

 tubes. Presuming the lower cii-clti of pipe to be i feet in 

 diameter, the next would be 2 feet 9 inches, and connected 

 to the other or lower pipe by four joints of the same diameter 

 as the pipae. These circular and short uprights being six- 

 inch, and an inch between would give a number of coils, 

 and these coils would gi-adually be reduced in diameter so 

 as to be 1 foot 6 inches at the top of the boiler. Ai-ound the 

 whole I would have a water-jacket, and so formed as to suit 

 the pipes ; for the fire, after sti-ibiug the circular pipe, would 

 biunch out in two directions — one towards the jacket, and 

 there I would have a concave cavity to receive it, and so 

 arrest its hurried passage up-warde, and this being con- 

 tinued the length of the boiler -would well nigh exhaust the 

 heat of the fire. 



I would have the firegrate-bars hollow, and connected' to 

 a circular six-inch pipe, into which the retui'n-pipes would 

 enter ft'om two opposite points, on which the water-jacket 

 would not only rest but be connected. The hot water from 

 the jacket and that from the boiler would meet together 

 at the top of the boiler in a circular basin, but flat at the 

 bottom and top, and -nith a four-inch aperture in the upper 

 surface for the flow-pipe. In a large boiler of such a form 

 there would be a series of coils, and the fire would strike 

 against the boiler from the bottom to the top, and that 

 alone would double the rapidly heating power. Such a 

 boiler would hold a large quantity of fuel under it, the 

 whole or part of which fuel could be made to act by increas- 

 ing or diminishing the draught. Lastly, it would present a 

 lai'ger extent of siu'face to the action of the fire than any 

 boiler at present made, and certainly would take less fuel 

 to heat it. 



I have now only to add that every boiler should be under 

 command like a horse ; and I cannot refrain from saying 

 that dampers ai'e not the sort of contrivances for regulating 

 a boiler. The regulator ought to be the ashpit door, and 

 by opening or shutting it the draught should be increased 

 or decreased at pleasure. — G-. A. 



years an assistant to Mr. Kemp, lie has so imbibed the 

 ideas and principles of these masters as to leave no doubt 

 but that if he is spared, and he receive that patronage 

 that is his due, Ireland will not regret that he has chosen 

 to number himself as one of her adopted sons. 



VINES BREAKING AGAIN SOON AFTEE 



BEAEING A EOECED CHOP. 

 Feom my early Vines I cut the G-rapes at the end of April 

 and close of May. The Vines were turned out and pruned 

 early in June, and tied to states in front of the house. I 

 thought they were at rest, but on examining them to-day 

 (July 23rd) I see the buds are very plump, and swelling 

 very fast. They seem to me as if they were aslcing to be 

 taken again into the house. It now has succession Pines in 

 it. The Vines were taken into the house on the 13th of 

 November last year, to start them, and that was a month 

 earlier than before. I should like to take them in now 

 if you think I should be doing right. They are Black Ham- 

 burghs and Sweetwaters. — A Totjng Oakdeneb. 



[We think you praned your Vines too early, a.nd if ex- 

 posed to heat and moisture the roots wovdd cause the buds 

 to swell. In such a ease, as there is no likelihood of frost 

 to injure^ them, we would let the Vines remain outside until 

 the buds were broken, and their shoots were fr-om 1 to 2 inches 

 in length. They will break more regularly than if placed in 

 the house, and then they wUl be early enough to enable you 

 to have the Vines in bloom in bright weather.] 



SOME OF THE GAEDENS WOETH VISITING 



IN YOEKSHIEE. 



I AM svire the list you purpose giving of the chief gaa-dens 

 in Great Britain -nill be a great boon to the touiist as well 

 as the gardening community, and according to request I 

 send you a list of a few places in Yorkshire that are well 

 worth a visit ; also, the nearest town or railway station. 



liANDSCAPE-GAEDBNIIfG IN IbEHANB. — lu OXXT last We 



announced the death of Mr. Fraser, so many years the 

 leading landscape-gardener of Dublin ; and it is witb 

 pleasure that we see his place is about to be occupied 

 by a gentleman so eminently worthy to follow in his foot- 

 steps. By an announcement which appears in our adver- 

 tising columns tlris day, we observe that Mr. Chapman, of 

 Richmond, in Surrey, has determined upon opening an office 

 in Dublin, and devoting himself to the interests of land- 

 scape-gardening in Ireland. From our own knowledge of Mr. 

 Chapman and of liia antecedents we augur for him a succesafiU 

 career. A pupil of Sir Joseph Paxton's, and for several 



Flacr. 



Frovrietor. 



Gardener, 



Town or Railway 

 Station, 



CasUe Howard... Eail of Carlble irr.Sutherland Castle Howard Sta. 



Uarewood House Earl of Hdrewood Mr. Fowler ... Leeds, .\rtliingtoii 



Stalinn. 

 StudJey Royal ... Earl de Grey ARipon... Mr. Clarke ... Ripen Station. 

 Upleathain Hall. Earl ol Zetland Mr. Grey Redcar. Marske 



Sation. 

 Bishoptliorpe ... Archbighop of York.... Mr. Oulston... York. 

 Duueombe Park. Lord Feversliain Mr. Gower ... Helmftlpy. GUling; 



Statioii. 



Escrick Hall Lord Wenlock Mr. Mitchell... York. 



Grinieton Park... Lord Londesborough... Mr. Richards . Tadeasicr. Stutton 



.Station. 



EveringhamPark LordHerries Mr. Links Market Wei^hton. 



Allorton Park ... Lord Stourton Mr. Saul York. Allerlon Sta. 



B-ildersby Park . Lady Downes Mr. Mailurie... Thirsk. Baldersby 



Station. 

 Kilnwick Percy . Hon. AdmL Duncombe Mr. Campbell Pocklington. 



Sutton Hall „ Mr. Campbell York. ToUerton. 



Benningborougk Statbm. 



Hall Hon. Payan Uawne .... Mr. Foster ... York. Skipton Sta, 



Ripley Castle ... Sir Wm. Ingleby Mr. Fowler ... Ripley. 



Temple Newsam Heynell Ingram, Esci..,. Mr. Taylor ... Leeds. 



Thirsk Hall F. Bell, Esq Mr. Davidson Tliirsk. 



Heslington Hail. J. G. Yarborough, Esq. Mr. Davidson York. 



Should you at any time publish the above list separately, 

 I shall be happy to be a subscriber to the work. 



I hope the Gardener's Benefit Society, which has been so 

 ably advocated in yom- paper, will soon be established. I 

 shall be happy to send you half a dozen gardeners' names, as 

 members, as soon as the coniiitions or rules are published. — 

 C. S. G. 



BEEBEEEIES AND THEER CULTUEE. 



The genus Berben-y yields to no other shrub in beauty, 

 whether we regard the foliage, habit, or flowering properties. 

 The foliage is peculiar in shape, of a bright glossy green ; 

 the habit is compact, and the flowers produced in profusion, 

 of a beautiful yellow colour, and are followed by berries 

 which make the plants handsome for a long period. 



The common Berberry {Berberis vulgaris), is a native of 

 this country, and is foiind in hedgerows and on wooded hills, 

 where its fruit has refreshed many a rustic's palate. The 

 flowers are produced in yellow racemes in April and May, are 

 oil'ensive to the smell if closely approached, but at a short 

 distance thefr ft-agi'ance is very grateftil. There is some- 

 thing very singiilar about fertilisation in a Berberry flower. 

 The stamens are bent back to each petal, the concave tips 

 of the petals sheltering the anthers. "Watch a bee come and 

 dart its proboscis into the flower, sipping the nectar fr-om 

 the bottom of the cup where the filaments join the ovary; 

 and immediately any filament is touched near the ovary, the 

 stamen springs fr'om the petal and shakes the pollen on the 

 stigma. A pin or hafr similarly brought into contact with 

 the lower part of the filaments next the ovary produces the 

 same result, but no shaking of the branch, nor any pinching 

 or touching of any part of the flowers exteriorly, has any 

 effect on this irritable flower. The fi-uit, about the size of a 

 pea, succeeds the flowers, and when ripe makes an excellent 

 preserve if one quart of fr-uit be boiled along with 1 lb. of 

 loaf sugar. In its raw state the fi-uit is cooling and agree- 

 ably acid, and its juice is used for flavoiuing sweets, and in 

 a dry state for making sugar plums. The bark of the tree 

 is used by many old women, even at this day, as a cure for 

 jaundice and affections of the Mver. 



Berberis vulgaris and its several varieties — viz., violacea, 

 alba, nigra, asperma, lutea, and purpurea, all named after 

 tlie eolbur of their fruit, thi-ine in almost all soUs and 



