110 P. A. ØYEN [1914 



die Benennung »Moiånen«. Dagegen ist die Annahme eines 

 hohereii Niveaus der quartåren Meere der nordlichen Hemisphåre 

 als durch zahlreiche I3eobachtungen wohlbegriindet anzusehen« 

 (L. c. pag. 427). Og videre fortsætter den samme forsker: »So 

 wenig ich mich mit der AulTassiing einiger russischer Geologen 

 iiber die Wirkungen von Gletschern und dem Vorhandensein von 

 Morånen in Innerrussland einverstanden erklåren kann, eben- 

 sowenig theile ich die Ansichlen mancher amerikanischer Geolo- 

 gen iiber Gletscher und Moranenbildung. Auch von ihnen wird 

 auf Gletscher und Morånen bezogen, was ich fiir die Wirkung 

 von Eisschollen und von den auf denselben transportirten Ge- 

 steinsmassen halte« (L. c. pag. 429). Ja vi finder endog senere, 

 1896, at selv Bonnev uttaler: »It was not yet proved that shell- 

 bearing beds were or could be produced by land-ice, and we 

 ought to explain British deposits by those of Arctic regions 

 rather than to follow the reverse process« (Quart. Journ. of the 

 Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 52, 1896, pag. 65). 



Carvill Lewis fandt imidlertid, at »a glacier in its advance 

 had the power of raising stones from the bottom to the top of 

 the ice, a faet due to the retardation l)y friction of its lower 

 layers« (The Geol. Mag. London, Dec. 111, Vol. IV, 1S87, pag. 31). 

 Og videre meddeles: »The occurrence of stratified deposits in 

 connection with undoubted moraines was shown to be a com- 

 mon phenomenon, and instances of stratified moraines in Swit- 

 zerland, Italy, America, and Wales were given. The stratification 

 is due to waters derived from the melting ice (L. c. pag. 31). 

 »The author held that much of the supposed interglacial drift 

 was due to subglacial water from the melting ice« (L. c. pag. 32). 

 Og idet man ialfald i mange tilfælde maa være enig med Spen- 

 cer: »One is everywhere surprised to lind beneath the glaciers 

 the paucity of glaciated stones, and in many terminal moraines 

 they are scarcely if at all to be found« (The Geol. Mag. London, 

 D. 3, Vol. 4, 1887, pag. 170), kunde der ogsaa synes at være 

 nok af grunde til en saadan antagelse, naar man erindrer, hvor 

 ofte ogsaa fossiler af ethvert slags mangler. Ved en tidligere 

 anledning (Christiania Vid.-Selsk. Forh. 1903, Nr. 11, pag. 4 — 5) 

 har jeg imidlertid allerede henledet opmerksomheten paa de 

 ovenfor nævnte interessante forhold ved Opstad (Jæderen). Og 

 »Beds of sand and gravel with recent shells have been observed 

 on Moel Tryfaen in North Wales, at a height of 1350 feet, but 

 the shells are broken and show such a curious commingling of 

 species as to indicate that thev are probably not really in place« 

 (Geikie: Text-Book of Geology, Vol. II, 1903, pag. 1329). 



»In the Isle of Man the shell-bearing drift is confined to the 

 lower levels. In other cases, however, the shellv drift has been 



