jouenaij of horticulture and cottage gakdenee. 



I November 21. 18G7. 



the Gold and Silver oneg, Arbutus, Pliillyreae, and more sparingly Portugal 

 Laurels, ■which like a lower sitiintion, and we expect most of the Pinns 

 tribe of recent introduction will do with you — not so well, perhaps, as at 

 a lower elevition ; but Welliugtonia, Cupressue Lawsoniana, Thujopsis 

 borealiB, Thuja Lobbi, and others may, perhaps, do well. It can hardly, 

 however, be expected that their growth will be so good as wben 500 feet 

 lower ; but Junipers, Yews, and other things may be i>lanted in exposed 

 places and succeed well there. Under glass you may plant several of the 

 Ceanothupes.nsazureus,pnpi]losus,dentatus, &c. ; Yellow .nnd White Bank- 

 sian Rose, Jasminum uudiflorum, Escallonia macranthn, a slow grower, 

 but made up for by tbe rnpid progress of Wistaria sinensis and Evergreen 

 Honeysuckle. You might also try some of the Clematises, as C. lanugi- 

 nosa. Garrya elliptica is also a handsome winter shrub, and, probably, a 

 hardy Passionflower might survive. Against a norlli wall you might 

 plant Cotoneaster microphylla and Simmonsii, Crata-gus pyracantha, 

 and Pyrus japonica ; but those first named all require a south or south- 

 west wall. Of fruit trees, in such fln elevated position, it would be best 

 to plant only the very hardiest varieties, and, what is of more conse- 

 quence, to prune and keep the trees low. Dwarf bush trees are most 

 easily managed; pyramids also look well. Amongst others you may 

 plant the New Huwtliornden, Lord Suffield. W'inter Quoining, French 

 Crab, and Golden Knob Apples; Willinms's Bon Chietien. Swan's Egg, 

 Aston Town, pnd Wonnrch Pears, with Orleans, Diamond, Prince of Wales, 

 and Reine Claude de Bavay Plums in the open ground. The Peaches 

 may consist of Royal George and Early Admirable for the wall, and tbe 

 Cherries you may also have on the wall; a Morello would do on the north 

 aspect. The small fruits may consist of the usual kinds gi-own elsewhere, 

 increasing the depth of soil as much as you can for them, as well as for 

 tbe fruit trees mentioned above; for the hardy timber trees and com- 

 mon shrubs we would merely break up the chalk and mix it with the 

 heavy loamy soil en the surface ; but for tbe choice fruit trees you had 

 better remove a foot of the chalk and add that quantity of better mate- 

 rial for— say 3 or 4 square yards to each plant. Manure at planting is 

 not so much required; but if a dry spring and summer ensue, a covering 

 of rough dung or litter around the collar will keep in much moisture 

 that cannot well be spared. 



Standahds FOR Orchard (G.). — Apples: Dumelow's Seedling, King of 

 the Pippins, Blenheim Pippin, Lord SufReld,and Flower of Kent. I'himn: 

 Early Orleans, Royal Danphine, Green Gage, Washington, and La Deli- 

 cieuee. Pears: Marie Loui&e, Williams's Bon ChrL-tieu, Winter Nelis, 

 Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Ne Plus Meuris. The above are all hardy, 

 good bearers, and will prolong the season as far as can conveniently be 

 done. If you could add Sturmer Pippin and French Crab Apples, as late- 

 keeping ones, they might be useful. 



Protection to a Flower Garden Facing the North ((?.).— As your 

 soil is sandy, with stone below, we expect nothing will really succeed 

 better than the common Laurel and Laurustinus, as Portugal Laurels 

 generally like a stifier soil. You might, however, plant a row of Scotch 



Fir (not Sprucel along the back, then common Laurels mixed with a few 

 Lilacs, Mock Orange, and Deutzia scabra. the flowers of all of which are 

 acceptable. Laurustinus and Phillyrea, with Box, might form the front, 

 and you might try a few Rhododendrons it you think your soil is free 

 from chalk or lime. The common Laurel forms the best screen, as it 

 can be cut to any height without suffering. Berberis Darwinii is also a 

 handsome and suitable shrub for such a place, and in the front, under 

 shelter, you might try some of the Euonymus. Raphiolepis ovata, Gris- 

 linia littoralis, and other low-growing shrubs; but the plants first named 

 are the most suitable for shelter; a mere screen may lie more quickly 

 formed by a rough trelliswork of poles, with Ivy planted and trained 

 against them. Good plants quickly cover such a framework, and look 

 well, too. 



Influence of a Vine Stock over the Scion. — " R. H. A." says *' I 

 have a Royal Muscadine Vine, about eight years old, on which I pur- 

 pose to innrch the Troveren Frontignan. What do you think of the 

 Muscadine as a stock for the Trovt.ren Frontignan ? Would the latter 

 be in any degree altered in flavour or in size of bunch?" 



[Having not tried this union wc cannot venture to give an opinion, 

 the Vine stock in many instances having a most powerful influence not 

 only over the flavour but form of the berry. We shall be obliged by any 

 one sending us information on this interesting subject.] 



Hays's Peat Charcoal {Majty Corrc}t2>o7idents). — The agent for this 

 has left his premises, and we cannot obtain any information where it is 

 to be obtained. Any peat charcoal in lumps, we think, would serve for 

 fuel in Hays's stove, and we shall be obliged by any one informing us 

 where such charcoal can be obtained. 



Names of Fruits {R. T.).—1, Marie Louise ; 2, St. Germain; 3, Ineon- 

 nue. (U.S.). — 1, Cumbusnethau Pippin, a well-known Scotch Apple; 

 *2. We cannot recognise this; 3, Hampshire Pippin. {W ). — 1, Beurrc- 

 Dicl ; 2, Brown Beurri^ : 8, Not known to us ; 4, Kirke's Lord Nelson ; 



5, Russet Nonpareil; G, Dutch Mignonne ; 7, Beauty of Kent. (A. B. C). 

 — The Grape over which you dispute is the Syrian. 



Names of Plants ( 7*. D. M.).~lt is impossible to identify plants from 

 mere leaves. (ill.D.).— Mesembryanthemum blandnm. {Adam). — Nidularia 

 campanulata. {W. J.). — Aspidium (Polystichum) aculeatum, narrow- 

 fronded variety. (G. M.). — Phytolacca octandra. (H. M. L.).—l, Selagi- 

 nellaErownii ; 2, Onychiura japonicum ; 3, Asplenium cicutai'ium ; 4, May 

 be anything, no fructification; 5, Selagiuella viticulosa. (Blaria). — 

 1, Polypodium aureum ; 2, Pteris cretica albo-lineata ; 3, Nepbrodium 

 molle ; 4, Adiantum formosum ; 5, Nepbrodium molle, var. cristata; 



6, Blechnum or Lomaria ino fructification). (G. F. 6'.). — 1. Physalis Al- 

 kekengi (Winter Cherry). The fruit is often eaten and relished, but 

 should not be taken in quantities. (H. B. M.). — 1 and 2, Juniperus chi- 

 nensis; 3, Juniperus communis ; 4, Not in a fit condition; 5, Lonicera 

 parvjfolia variegata. (£m/ia7?0.— Tricyrtis hirta. 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS in the Suburbs of London for the Week eur^.in? November littli. 



POULTRY, BEE, and HOUSEHOLD CEEONICLE. 



FOOD REQUIRED FOR FOWLS. 



So mnch misappieljension seems to exist about certain 

 points connected with poultry, that we are disposed to 

 "lump" a number of " querists," and give all answers in a 

 short article. 



One asks why poultry should not he fed on oats alone, as in 

 Ireland, instead of oats and harley alternately, as in England? 

 In this, as in many instances, the query does not give suffi- 

 cient information. It does not state whether the birds in 

 question are in confinement or at liberty, whether there is any 

 natural food to be had or not. Fowls shut up will starve to 

 death with oats before them. We have proved this. They 

 ■will do the same with barley, if they are kept in any place with 

 a scrupulously clean floor. Whole corn is enough to keep life 

 and condition, if it has for helps grass, small pebbles, and 

 insect life, such as can be met with in a grass run. Birds enjoy- 

 ing these will lay, and breed, and rear chickens ; they will keep 

 condition enough to be very valuable helps to the dinner-table 

 when there is unexpected company, and the butcher has either 

 been, or lives five miles aw.ay. But even this will not make 

 marketable table poultry, as the term is understood in England. 

 It is because the chickens in Ireland are fed on oats only that 

 they take the low standing they do in the English market ; 



the number of them sent to this country would, if they were 

 properly fed and killed, return three times the sum they now 

 do. Poultry pays in Ireland, despite of the treatment it expe- 

 riences, and not because of it. When the average of English 

 chickens is 5.5. per couple, that of the Irish is 2s. (jd., or 

 scarcely as much. Climate has nothing to do with it, it is 

 if anything more favourable in many parts than in England ; 

 the numbers that are sent prove this. It is in the breed, which 

 wants improving ; in the feeding, which consists of oats ; and 

 in the killing and packing, against which we have often re- 

 monstrated in our columns. We conclude our answer to 

 " Kent " by saying, It is not desirable to feed on oats only, if 

 we shall thereby assimilate our poultry to that we import from 

 Ireland. 



" Economist " asks the " oft-repeated " question. How much 

 food should twelve adult Dorkings consume per week ? We 

 must start as we did with the predecessor. Tell us about the 

 run, and the opportunities your fowls have. It is impossible to 

 give an answer without knowing these, but you can ascertain 

 what our answer should be before you can know it through our 

 columns. Having taken account of your stock, feed a day 

 or two 3'ourself, measuring or weighing all you give. Six days 

 will give you an average on which you can depend. We be- 

 lieve a quarter of a pint of good corn should feed a fowl and 

 keep it in first-rate condition during a day, if it has any grass 

 run at all ; if not, the quantity must be increased, but not 

 largely. Much, also, depends on whether the fowls are in good 



