no 



JOUBNAL OF HORTICDLTUBE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. ( November 28, 1867. 



Descriptive CATiLoouE or Fhoit Trees (B. IF.).-The best descrin. 

 hJ?,L",? *^"'' °' «"""■]" "^''Sg's Kruit Manual." You can have it Tee 

 address. °" '""' ^°°'°'° ^'- ^''- *" ^''^'''SO Btami.s withyour 



Not Tree Planting (A. K. H. W.).-\n Kent, wl]ere there are verv 



^n/^n' nln^'nf ° r '™'' !' '" "J?""' ',° """■' '"" "■•"=" ^'-^ '<=«' »l"^rt each way, 

 and to plant a Currant or Gooseberry bush, or sometimes a Hod nlaut 

 between them, so that the plants for a time stand at 6 feet apart tSct 

 are generally planted at right angles. The Currant or GooseWy 

 ^?,M V "V '■'="'°^'<»i^''= ""= ^^t t""" become larger. It is the iuvariSe 

 practice to prune these very severely, and so that the full-^ro™ plant 

 resembles in some degree an inverted umbrella, only the boughs benTn' 

 outwards being retained and of them ouly the very 'small ones AH thS 

 strong shoots, G feet high or so, are removed, the pruning, or rather short 

 emng, of these being performed with a rough .saw ratherthanthe "nife so 

 as to check aftergrowth rather than encourage it. With the net plautcd 

 bush little can be done beyond removing the centre shoots ami enSourat. 

 mgthe side ones. In your case trees 10 feet apart might do, and even 

 h^?lln T'"'-°''i'^° "^l"-'''"" °" Gooseberry bush might be planted 

 between A raised mound is only necessary when the ground is mSst- 

 but on dry stony ground, where this fruit is most proBUb y gro\" the 

 trees are always planted on the level. Generally the Filbert and cSb 

 plantations occupy some dry hillside, where the subsoil however full of 

 stones It may be is penetrable by the roots of permanent t^ees like the 

 Nut, .and on such soils, in favourable seasons, more than a ton height of 



^n^i'^^'^"? "i*^"^'"" Pf.' """• ■«'<' ^™''i ""t >-ecommend vmir usin^ 

 any dung at planting, as the trees ought to grow fast enough in the soil 

 you describe Of the varieties grown", the red-skinnedFUbert i^ hebes 

 flavoured, but the large size of the Cob Nuts makes them the gjeates fa 

 YOurites They, too are most extensively grown ; the others are either 

 inref ?i" b'^";"' "^^^o^'y ^°'^^ pecuUarity to recommend them not 

 cared for by the general grower and consumer. The Cosford seems to 

 do well in some places, and is a ver,- thin-shelled Nut, wh°le The Frffzled 

 Filbert ooks^curious at table in a green state, but when ripo is less r^ 

 markable. They may all be planted as early in the autumn as convenient • 

 but like most deciduous trees, may be planted at anyUme Turing the 

 lou'brthe'l^it'u'i^n^rs'Ccttr'.'^^^-^""'^-^ '^^^ -^-o™" ^ '"oura^t'Sftt 

 Storing Seed PoT.^TOEs (/,i^m).-Ttey may be kept very well in the 

 Tn"Z"T.*^ '■■'"' 'be others providing they are not wanted very early 

 In the latter case it is, perhaps, better to keep them in an outhouse 

 The only things to guard against is frost on the one hand and undue 

 warmth on the other ; The first will destroy them, the iSst mpafrs the ? 

 V tahty by encouraging useless and wasteful growth. The fresher and 

 plumper they are when planted the better will be ti; crop o her things 

 SSS'' r,!'"";'i'''f., Shoots an inch long are not objectionable but thofo 

 ter . r '.''I *S ''°* f ° '""' """J "»' =«'™°1 »'• »Wrd fSowth, assumtog 

 Z a'of,Srsle'ne'd^r;cl;?S°ngT°""' '^ """ '" ^'^"^""^^' the^srand^ 



produce offsets. At the best, it is seldom that the T^i^wU foTms a ™d 

 well-shaped Onion when sown in autumn, nor vet in s rin" b^t we are 

 not so particular in points of excellence witlianvthin"?hat comes fn 

 when wanted We have ceased growing the Tripoli for some veai? con 

 S„°,i?a7r"™' V*:^ " '>,™''=-'"i"1 variety. moJeiUembWtheBrow^ 

 Spanish than anytbmg else. This we sow alike in sprin-' and autumn 

 but never obtain such fine bulbs from the latter sowfng as from the 

 ?aTs;i;S"^The° ta,b'" "'""'"^ ,\° "™^'" -1^-0 sownind oIh°e?s are 

 arc well sh^;ed and i l"" "'"?"'' ^""^ ""• '^^^ deformed, but some 

 Trlprii ta fuime,"vlf» V"''f"'''' "" ""^^ '" ""^e we had from the 

 iripoli lu luimer years. We also sow some of the Silver-skinned in 

 autumn to .Iraw m a gi-een state. At the same time we believe the Tn" 

 pol with all Its faults, to be the hardiest, and if vou delay the lowin- till 

 a httlo later, perhaps the evil you complain of may be atated 

 .. ,?''?'/°'"^" Vinert it. S.).-It is not intended to be heated Keane's 

 y^^frf^Z^"'?!"'"?" "'l'.'^™ ^'""« of tbe informaUon you requke 

 You can have it free by post from our office if you enclose twentv noslim 

 stamps with your address. There is no book that does oTcoiild state 



?hesoilTe°s:n's"e°eVaod"v-i? ""' '"°™' l>y another time menUoned! 

 ine soil, season, seed, and skill vary too much. 



bar'ossl^n^'irelv "."nl'Tl^^'".'',?"''',','?™"?'"™'' >'"'' *" "-emove the old.Ear- 

 .wf \r . '• ^ Pi""' "■* Alicante in its place. You have .alreadv 



BUck PrS ;„'t^'h?Rt7V'•''f!•'' '?■= ^"°°° «^'>'- " "«" d° notTikJ 



^udtiTlTargTs'lXa^ylra^n'tl? "^ '"""• " '' ^ "^ ^''^ '^^I''^- 



plants have to be gi-own under Vines dui-i^. summer^Hght sSd be ad 

 number'?/ vS;s°?,5 ^h^eTu^sr "^' ^''""'^ "' '"""^e, imf b^hlvjiVi^^fs 



nnre, and mulching being all appUed. ■-"■. aoii, uquia ma- 



Vike Border Making (.1 Young aar,ln,<-r).~We do not annrnvo of 



Kordel^'w '-■"'^rV ",'^'=''" '""'™ ■"'™'1'>' Pretious"o mXng thi 

 border. We prefer the sods fresh or but a few days cut, so as to ahmv of 

 their becoming dry. You will not only require a draii to clrrv off the 



cod and weT" h;'?""/'^l''T?T' ""' "'' "»"»" °' «'» Si be ng 

 there bvcrn,.'refl„'',''''°"'l'''5 I>'-eve>ited penetrating into the soil 

 IJ^J7 "'."ereting or a layer of bricks, tiles, or flags, grouting them with 

 n.Tbe iV H ""=\''f '" e f""' t>f brickbats or stone rubble ought to be^Uced 

 at the bottom of the border, and then a sprinkling of bruised bones Y^ou 

 may then put on a layer of turf cut 2 inches thick from a pas°mo where 



hick" You mai thl"„''** '°""', ,"■"" ""^ ^''' '•'^"^ ^J^™'* b" •! inches 

 imcii. lou may then give a .sprinkling of bones, lumn charcoal and » 



aSd ™Z iV'fV^"!"'''' V"? "" 'biekerthan to barely'^.over the groSnd" 

 ana upon these a four-inch layer of sods should be nut tben <i thin 

 til" n b™-se-droppings, and then 3 inches of ime rubMs'h whicl w 11 

 make the first foot m depth. Proceed with the next layer as with The 



6 nVhes 'ro;?«irfr","S'"' '""'"• ""> ""'""''= »bould ll^'covered wUh 

 r ™i t? ,™."ed turf laid up as you propose doing now, mixing with it 



boTa?ero fresh ^v™/"-/""' between ev4ry layer 'of sods there Tl ould 

 110 a layer of fiesh horse-droppings an inch thick, and a sprinkling of the 



half-inch hones and old mortar equal to the thickness of the layer of sod.'. 

 The drain should have a jiroper outlet.— G. A. 



Mari'chai. Niel and Ckline Forestier Roses in North of Ire- 

 land {Johii i!o!/<(,).-" Protect Marechal Niel and C.Une Forestier Roses ; 

 '■"„,,■ "5 ^"''^■'' '° ""e protection to all Tea or Tea-scented Noisettes. 

 All Roses here (Dorset), nro mulched and earthed up over the mulch. 

 1 he 1 ea and Tea-scented Noisette Roses are all so treated, and protected 

 with Asparagus haulm placed against the trees. I expect a hyperborean 

 winter. Tho robins began their complaints early in August ; they did so 

 last year— W. F. Hadclvffe." " i j 



Pruning Roses (Mrs. A. -ff.l.—" When Roses, now too strong, produce 

 blind wood, it is best to root-prune or remove them, and not cut the wood 

 short the next year. Asa rule, dwarf growers rei|uiro hard pruning, and 

 luxuriant growers much less shortening. The hole at the top of the 

 Briar stocks, which you mention, is owing to the immaturity of the wood. 

 Put wax over tlie top of the Briar, or water will find its way in at the 

 aperture, and that will deteriorate or destroy the Briar.— W.F. Radclyffe." 



Rose Stocks IN Pots U Bejianer).— " Both the Briar and Manetti 

 Rose will flourish in 11-inch pots when sunk in tho ground. It is a good 

 plan where the roots of trees interfere. If the earth is not very dry do 

 not water any pot Roses in winter. The earth should only be sufficiently 

 moistened to prevout the roots from being dried too much. The plants 

 synk m pots should he thoroughly watered, so as to touch all the points 

 of the roots, once or twice a-week during very drv hot weather. Sprink- 

 lings day by day only chiU the surface.— W. F. Radclyffe." 



CcT Roses (H. T. B.).— .Vpply to Mrs. Webber & Co., or Mr. Buck, 

 Covent Garden Market, London. 



Rose Seed Sowing (Ccfin).— The seed should be sown as soon as the 

 heps are ripe, they being pulled in pieces and tho seeds taken out. They 

 sliould be sown in deep pans or pots, draining these well, and filling to 

 withm three-quarters of an inch of the rim with a compost of two-thirds 

 hght turfy loam, and one-third sandy peat or leaf mould, adding one- 

 sixth of silver sand. The surface being made fine, sow the seeds rather 

 thinly, and lill the pot to the rim with fine sandy soil, or cover them from 

 half to thrce-qunrters of an inch deep with fine soil. Y'ou may then 

 plunge the pots or pans out of doors in an open situation, warm, and 

 sheltered from winds; hut it will he necessary to protect them with wire- 

 gauze or closely meshed wire netting to keep oft' mice, which are parti- 

 cularly fond of the seed. The pans or pots may be placed in the coolest 

 and most airv part of the greenhouse, and in a position near the glass. 

 The soil should be kept moist. 



Tender Plants in a Greenhouse (Subscriher).—l, The degree of 

 heat marked " Temperate," is generally considered 50= on a common 

 Fahrenheit's thermometer, and from 45 ' to 60^ or 55 ', will be quite hot 

 enough at night for the usual greenhouse plants, and in severe weather 

 in winter they will bo better at from 40° to 45° than much above 50°. 

 2, We fear that you will have some trouble with your plants that have 

 cost you so much, and some of which you say are vei-y tender, if yon 

 keep them all in ono house. We should know lietter ho'w to advise you 

 if we knew what tho plants were. Much may be done by keeping 'the 

 most tender plants at the hottest end of tho house, which 'will generally 

 he at the end where the flue from tho furnace enters the house; but if 

 your plants are so ilifl'ercnt as to represent Pelargoniums, Heaths, Epa- 

 crises, CameUias. 4c.— plants either from temperate regions, but much 

 warmer than om-own, or, if nearer tho equator, at such heights as to make 

 them quite at home in our gi-ecnhouses— and others which can be made 

 to flourish only in the vicinity of the tropics ; then if you w ished to grow 

 both kinds of plants in the one house wo would make it by means of a 

 glass division into two distinct parts, and keep all the tender plants in 

 the division whore the flue enters. With loss air given to that part, 

 and more air to the other part, and when the flue was at all hot a little 

 air left at the top of the house in the cooler part, you could maintain a 

 night temperature of from 50' to fiO" in ono division, and from 40= to 50=' 

 in the other division. S, Remember that even for tender plants it is 

 safer to let the thermometer fall a few degrees below the standard, but 

 so as to be safe, in severe weather, rather than parch the plants with a 

 flue too hot; aud during the winter, for all tender plants in .severe weather, 

 it will ho safer to give only a little air at the top of tho house than to put 

 on large fires to enable you to give more, and thus dry the air of the 

 house with your fires, and let in air, frost-dried also, in 'largo quantities 

 to amend tho evil. Boar also in mind that when continuous severe cold 

 is to be excluded this will be done best by a regular and not too great a 

 heat in the flue, instead of a strong heat 'for a short time. When only 

 short-continued frosts are to be guarded against one brisk fire may 

 prove quite sufficient. The mistake that beginners are apt to commit, 

 who arc duly taught that— say a temperature of 50', is quite high enough 

 for their houses, and that when the sun raises it 5' more they must give 

 air, aud more air again to prevent its rising to more than 60=", is to conclude 

 that that temperature is to be maintained in all weathers. Now, in severe 

 continued frost it would be in every respect better that for short periods 

 the heat should fall from 6' to 10' at night, allowing it to rise gradually 

 during the d.ay, aud if the day was dull and cold to give a little air at the 

 top for a short time, merely to change tho atmosphere, aud if sunny to 

 slacken the fires, giving only a Httlo air, even it the glass should rise 

 after the little air was on graduallv to 16" or 20" above the average 50°. 

 Such heat from the sun will gradually fall though all air should be taken 

 away shortly after midday, and before it is gone the Are heat should just 

 begin to tell. You will manage your house much more satisfactorily if 

 you will bear m mind that it is never desirable that the extreme of 'flre 

 heat and the extreme of sun heat should ever act on the enclosed atmo- 

 sphere of a house at the same time. 4, Wo would tell more of the 

 making up of your flres to last at night if we knew your fuel. We shaU 

 suppose coke or coal. In either case it is well to have the house wann 

 enough the last thing at night before making up the fires; and this is in 

 your favour, that flues retain heat for some time. Then, your object is 

 just to add sufficient fuel, well smothered with cinders and ashes, 

 aud by shutting both furnace doors and ashpit doors, and leaving only as 

 much air in the latter as will supplv a slow combustion, to keep up nearly 

 the heat in tho flue instead of making it warmer. When flre is thus to 

 be kept mild for a long time the live coal should be beaten down on the 

 furnace bars instead of clearing them out with a poker. This clearing 

 out the last time of making up will ensure draught, quick combus- 

 tion, aud a high temperature in the house in the middle of the night, 

 just when it ought to be lowest. Tho lessening of draught by excluding 

 air will secure slow combustion, which will keep the flue warm, but it will 



