126 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. & 



and equally as expensive as the disposition of the stack in some other 

 way. 



Whenever manure is mixed with any amount of straw it may be 

 suspected of forming a breeding place for Stomoxys. The thorough 

 scattering of manure at regular intervals as is recommended for the 

 control of the house fly is effective in stopping the breeding of Stomoxys. 

 Accumulations of straw, hay or manure should not be allowed about 

 fence corners and barns as all of these situations are utilized by the 

 stable fly for breeding when large manure piles and straw stacks are 

 not available. 



Protection of Stock. The protection of work animals by means 

 of coverings lends much protection from the attack of this pest. The 

 most effective and inexpensive covering observed during the recent 

 outbreak was a blanket made of a double thickness of burlap so 

 "arranged as to completely cover the back, sides and neck, and the 

 covering of the legs by means of trousers slipped on over the feet. 

 The latter can be made of burlap or old trousers be utilized. When 

 fastened together over the shoulders and back or attached to the 

 harness, the animal is almost completely protected from the flies. 

 Leather nets or other coverings should also be applied to the head. 



A large number of repellent decoctions were tried during the recent 

 outbreak. None of these gave more than temporary relief and some 

 proved injurious to the animals. A mixture of fish oil, oil of tar and 

 oil of pennyroyal with a little kerosene added proved to be the most 

 efficacious. 



Where stables are exceedingly dark they offer much protection from 

 fly attack. The thorough screening of barns also gives a large degree 

 joi immunity. In this case the flies should be brushed off the animals 

 when they enter the barns by means of nets over the doorway or by 

 , brushing the animals with sacks as they enter. Screened barns have 

 a great advantage over dark ones because they admit light and air 

 whereas darkened barns are extremely hot in summer. 



Plowing rather deep, narrow trenches offers much protection to hogs 

 from fly attack. The sides of these trenches may be oiled with petro- 

 leum. By this means the hogs, which readily take to these trenches 

 when attacked by the flies, become oiled on their sides and backs which 

 adds to their protection. This form of trench may also be used to 

 protect sheep as it allows them to cover their legs where the flies can 

 best reach them. 



