April, '13] HUNGERFORD: TWO-SPRAY CALENDAR 165 



President W. D. Hunter: The chairman suggests that it is get- 

 ting rather late. Is there a motion. for adjournment? 

 Adjournment. 



Morning session, Friday, January 3d, 10 a. m. 



President W. D. Hunter: The first paper is by Mr. W. B. Hunger- 

 ford, on "The Success of a Two-Spray Calendar in a Kansas Orchard.'^ 



THE SUCCESS OF A TWO-SPRAY CALENDAR IN A KANSAS 



ORCHARD 



By Herbert B. Hungerford, Instructor in Entomology, University of Kansas 



This paper is given as a report of our spraying experiments in a 

 Kansas orchard for the past season. 



The purpose of these experiments was not to base the results on 

 the fruit at picking time but to base them upon the entire history of 

 all fruit set, from blossom time to maturity (and then to compare these 

 results with those based upon counts made at picking time), in order 

 to determine as accurately as possible the efficiency of our spraying 

 methods. 



The orchard problem in Kansas is not a simple one. Some sections 

 of the state are infested with apple scab, others are free from that 

 disease but are badly blotched. In some orchards curculio is doing 

 serious injury to the fruit while others seem to be free from it. 



We have been trying to get our apple growers to see that the only 

 way in which they can expect to get the best results from spraying 

 is for them to know what they are spraying for. In other words, 

 that each man must diagnose the case of his orchard and then proceed 

 to administer the dose. It is certain, however, that no one in Kansas 

 will make a mistake in considering that his trees are suffering from 

 a chronic case of codling moth and treating for that. 



The managers of the larger orchards have found that it does pay 

 to spray but many of the farmers having but small tracts of from 

 five to ten acres have been skeptical. 



It was to convince these skeptical ones, as well as to test out certain 

 ideas of the department regarding spraying, that experimental orchard 

 work was undertaken. An orchard of about ten acres, of from 15 

 to 18-year-old trees, located a couple of miles from the university 

 was leased for a period of years. This orchard had been uncared for 

 and had never produced a crop of marketable fruit. The department 

 having had it under observation for some time, knew its ailments 

 but obtained possession of it too late last year for the control of 

 codling moth and curculio. 



