176 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 6 



plowed and planted to apple trees, chiefly Baldwins and Greenings. 

 The past year these trees were given one spraying with lead arsenate 

 (no fungicide) and I never saw a finer lot of fruit. 



Mb. T. B. Symons: I would like to ask Dr. Felt if he used any 

 fungicides. 



Mr. E. p. Felt: Yes, but we did not pay any attention to it. I 

 should not be understood that one spray is always sufficient. I believe 

 that if we are working to get results with one spray it is necessary to 

 keep the orchard in a good condition from a horticultural standpoint. 

 After one or two years, and if there were no local disturbing factors I 

 should expect to get 95 per cent worm free fruit. 



Mr. H. a. Gossard: We have tested the one spray method a few 

 times in Ohio. One of our orchardists tried it and he reported that his 

 results were entirely satisfactory. Another man equally thorough in 

 his work has tried the same thing two or three times and has failed, 

 so there must be some local disturbing conditions. We have several 

 orchards which have been sprayed under the supervision of the Station 

 for seven or eight successive seasons. One man sprays twice; once im- 

 'mediately after bloom and again about a week or ten days later and 

 usually has from 98 per cent to 99 per cent of sound fruit. Another 

 orchardist with whom we cooperate, whose trees are more open and 

 who does not use quite so much liquid as the former, finds it almost nec- 

 essary to give two sprays, one after the bloom and one about the last of 

 July. Some have both the lesser apple worm and the codling moth to 

 fight. It seems to be a matter of judgment depending on local con- 

 ditions as to whether or not a second application can be safely omitted. 



Mr. S. J. Hunter: We applied one spray last year when the blos- 

 soms were about one-half fallen and a second after the calyx cup closed 

 on our wine saps and at picking time 98 per cent were sound. 



Mr. T. J. Headlee: I may be repeating what someone else has 

 said; but if that be so it will only serve to emphasize what our experi- 

 ence has indicated as a very important point. The orchardist is all too 

 ready to grasp at any suggestion emanating from reliable sources which 

 promises to .reduce the amount of work necessary to produce a crop. 

 In our work in Kansas orchards we have invariably found both codling 

 moth and curculio, and in no case in the course of two years extensive 

 tests have we found, the one spraying sufficient and satisfactory. In 

 view of these facts we believe that the advocacy of a single spraying 

 for the control of insect and fungous enemies, in Kansas orchards at 

 least, to be inimical to the best interest of the fruit grower. 



Mr. E. p. Felt: I sympathize with the speaker, and yet I find my- 

 self confronted by facts. I find myself talking to men who have made 

 one spray for the codling moth and got the results. I believe that we, 



