372 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 6 



agent is not a bacillus but a Streptothrix and called S. lepra. (This belongs to a 

 group placed by Hiss & Zinsser among the "higher bacteria." It has branching 

 threads or mycelia and produces spores, hence, it would seem, is more liable to be 

 transmitted by insects than if it were a true bacillus.) 



Long, Edward C. A note on the transmission of leprosy. Jour. Trop. Med. & 

 Hyg. March 1, 1912, from Med. Rep. fr. Basutoland, 1910. Experiments seem to 

 show that bedbugs biting leprous patients contain the Bacillus leprae and that they 

 may transmit them. 



Our present knowledge of leprosy. Leading article in Brit. Med. Jour. June 29, 

 1912. Recent studies seem to show that causative organism may not be a bacillus 

 as it has a more complicated life history. Many experiments seem to indicate that 

 it may be transmitted by some insect such as house flies, biting flies, mosquitoes, 

 fleas, lice, bugs, mites, ticks, and bedbugs being particularly suspected. 



Housefly 



Britton, W. E. The housefly as a disease carrier and how controlled. Pub. by 

 Conn. Sta. Bd. of Health, 1912. Life history and habits. Methods of control. 



Britton, W. E. The role of the housefly and certain other insects in the spread 

 of human diseases. Pop. Sci. Mo., July, 1912. Tells how disease may be trans- 

 mitted by insects and discusses flies, mosquitoes, fleas etc. 



Britton, W. E. The housefly and its relation to typhoid fever. Proc. Sixth 

 San. Conf. HI. Of. of Conn. April, 1912, pp. 18. (Hartford.) 



Cox, G. Lissant, Lewis, F. C. and Glynn, E. E. The number and vari- 

 eties of bacteria carried by the common housefly in sanitary and insanitary city areas. 

 Jour. Hyg. Vol. 12, No. 3, October, 1912, pp. 290-312. Finds that the flies in insani- 

 tary areas contain many more bacteria, 800,000 to 500,000,000 per fly. Methods 

 used in making the experiments, a review of previous experiments and a list of refer- 

 ences are given. 



Gr.a.ham-Smith, G. S. Houseflies. Bedrock, No. 2, July 1912, pp. 205-223. 

 Refers to the time when bedbugs were very common pests in many places and sug- 

 gests that our descendants may look with as much surprise upon our tolerance of 

 flies. Interesting notes on the methods of feeding and infection experiments. Shows 

 that various bacteria including disease-producing germs may be found on the body 

 and in the intestine from two to ten days or more. 



Hewitt, C. Gordon. Observations on the range of flight of flies. Rep. Local 

 Gvt. Bd. Pub. Health & Med. Sub. 1912 (n. s. No. 66), pp. 1-14. Experiments to 

 show how far flies may fly from their breeding grounds. Seven hundred yards was the 

 greatest range in these experiments. 



Hodge, C. F. A new fly trap. Jour. Econ. Ent. Vol. 6, No. 1, February, 1913. 

 pp. 110-112. Description of a large trap that has proved successful. 



Lumsden, L. L. The causation and prevention of typhoid fever. Pub. Health. 

 & Mar. Hos. Ser. Bui. 51, 1912. Discusses among other sources of danger the insan- 

 itary privies. 



NiCHOLLS, Lucius. Transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms by flies in Saint 

 Lucia. Bui. Ent. Res. Vol. Ill, pt. 1, May, 1912, pp. 81-88. Experiments with 

 flies breeding in human excrement, how some of them may carry germs from man to 

 man directly or through his food. 



Paine, J. H. The housefly in its relation to city garbage. Psyche, Vol. XIX, 

 No. 5, October, 1912, pp. 156-159. More than 22 per cent of the swarms of flies that 

 breed in garbage cans are house flies. 



Richardson, C. H. An undescribed hymenopterous parasite of the housefly. 



