JOURNAL 



OF 



ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



OFFICIAL ORGAN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS 



Vol. 6 OCTOBER, 1913 No. 5 



A BROOD STUDY OF THE CODLING MOTH 



By Thomas J. Headlee,* Ph.D., New Brunswick, N. J. 

 Introduction 



No phase of the life history of the codhng moth is more important 

 from the standpoint of control than the number and succession of 

 broods. This part of the creature's natural history determines the 

 periods during which fruit and foliage must be kept covered with a 

 poisonous coating. 



The influence of climate on the metabolism of the moth is such that 

 the study of broods gives different results for every section. It is 

 probable that if we knew the exact effect of the climate we could form 

 a close estimate of the number of broods, the dates of their appearance 

 and duration in any locality, providing the climate of that locality 

 were known. In the absence of this exact knowledge we are com- 

 pelled to make a brood study of this insect in every region where its 

 work is important. 



It has long been assumed that Kansas has two broods of codling 

 moth, but the evidence of recent investigation indicates the presence 

 of a partial third brood. In the year 1910, the tabulation of moth 

 emergence at Parker, Kansas, indicated the emergence of a partial 

 third brood which was not supported by records of larval emergence. 

 In the year 1911, Mr. L. M. Peairs, working in northeastern Kansas, 

 observed evidences of a third brood which he published in the Journal 

 of Economic Entomology, Vol. 5, pp. 243-245. 



In the year 1912, the writer planned a careful cage study of the broods 

 for the purpose of demonstrating the presence or absence of a third 

 brood in that state. Cages were employed, because in view of the over- 

 lapping of the broods the claims for third brood, based on records of 



I The data on which this paper is based were collected by the writer while head of 

 the department of entomology and zoology in the State Agricultural College and 

 Experiment Station of Kansas. 



