December, '13] HINDS: POWDERED ARSENATE OF LEAD 477 



Hawaii 



Van Dine and Norgaard ^ refer to the occurrcnice of the stabk' fly 

 in Hawaii, and it was previously listed by Grimshaw in the Fauna 

 HaW'aiensis, vol. 3, p. 28. (1901). Austen (loc. cit.) also states that 

 there are specimens from Hawaii in the British Museum. 



Summary 



The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) is one of the most widely dis- 

 tributed insects, rivalling the house fly in this respect. It occurs 

 commonly in parts of every zoological region and practically through- 

 out most of them. It is probably native to the palsearctic region 

 from whence it has followed man in his migrations to all parts of the 

 world. In the United States it was common in the vicinity of Phila- 

 delphia as early as 1776. It is not equally abundant everywhere that 

 it occurs, but is much more common in temperate regions such as the 

 United States and Argentina. In the tropics it occurs very generally, 

 but almost alwavs in lesser numbers than in cooler climates. 



POWDERED ARSENATE OF LEAD AS AN INSECTICIDE 



By W. E. Hinds, Enloinologisl Agricultural Experimenl Slntio7i, Auburn, Ala. 



Arsenate of lead was first found to have insecticidal value during 

 the fight against the gypsy moth in Massachusetts about 1893. It 

 was for many years used only in spray applications. The most 

 common form in which it was put upon the market was that of a 

 50 per cent paste, that is, a paste or putty form which contained 

 practically one half water. The disadvantages of the paste form 

 were numerous. For instance, it necessitated the payment of freight 

 upon one half of a shipment with no insecticidal value. Furthermore, 

 paste stock was liable to dry out and become caked and hard and this 

 drying naturall}^ varied the quantity required to produce a spray 

 solution of given strength and was also more difficult to work up into 

 uniform suspension in water. 



Accordingly, after extensive experimentation, several companies 

 of insecticide manufacturers began to put out powdered arsenate of 

 lead a number of years ago and this form of a valuable poison has 



1 Abstract of a Preliminary Report on Insects Affecting Live Stock in Hawaii, 

 Proc. Hawaiian Live Stock Breeders' Assoc, Vol. 5, pp. 19-70 (1908). 



