76 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 3 



attack it with the hope of successfully delaying the establishment of 

 the two dreaded pests in New York State. ^ 



Considerable discussion follow'ed this interesting paper by Mr. 

 Atwood. Many members present expressed their obligations to Dr. 

 L. 0. Howard and Mr. G. G. Atwood for their great aid in notifying 

 inspectors throughout the country of the arrival of shipments of 

 imported stock to its destination. 



Doctor Howard was asked to state the conditions as he observed 

 them in Europe this past summer, and a brief of his remarks follows : 



EUROPEAN CONDITIONS AS AFFECTING IMPORTED 

 NURSERY STOCK 



By L. O. IIowAKu, Washington, D. C. 

 [Summary of remarks] 



Doctor Howard referred brietly to the bill introduced at the last 

 session of Congress regarding the inspection of imported nursery 

 stock, and stated that during a trip to Europe in June last he had, at 

 the request of the chairman of the Committee on Agriculture of the 

 House of Representatives, made a cursory study of the methods . of 

 gi'owing nursery stock for exportation to America in certain localities 

 in Europe. He satisfied himself that the conditions in Holland are 

 excellent and that the inspection certificates issued by Professor 

 Ritzema Bos and his assistants can be relied upon so far as any inspec- 

 'tion certificates can be relied upon. He found in France that condi- 

 tions were bad. Nursery stock was grown in certain places quite 

 to the borders of w'oods and of neglected edges, upon which he found 

 larvae of the brown-tail moth, the gypsy moth, of two species of 

 Jlyponomeuta, and other injurious insects not yet introduced into 

 the United States. He found that the conditions under which 

 certificates have been given heretofore in France were such as to 

 render these certificates unreliable. He described an interview with 

 the Director of Agriculture of France, Monsieur Vassiliere, and stated 

 that the latter had promised him to establish at once a governmental 

 inspection service in that country under the Ministry of Agriculture 

 which would enable the issuing of such certificates as would guarantee 

 freedom from insect pests in a satisfactory manner. This service, it 

 Mas stated, would be placed under the directorship of Dr. Paul 



^Large numbers of brown-tail moth nests are being found in shipments now 

 arriving from France. January 29, 1910. 



