February, '10] ' REVIEWS 107 



Reviews 



The Insect and Other AHied Pests of Orchard, Bush and Hot- 

 house Fruits, by Fred V. Theobald. Published by the author, Wye 

 Court, Wye, England, p. I-XVI, 1-550; 326 text figures. 1909. 



The author, in briugiug together and summarizing the available knowledge 

 respecting British pests, has produced a volume which should be extremely 

 serviceable to American entomologists as well as of great value to English 

 readex's. Spraying is considered as of relatively small importance in con- 

 trolling insect pests, a position quite contrary to American experience, though 

 possibly justified by English conditions. After a brief survey of the charac- 

 teristics of the various groups of the animal kingdom, summary accounts ac- 

 companied by brief bibliographies in many instances, are given of the in- 

 jurious species. These latter are grouped under their important food plants, 

 those affecting the apple occupying a considerable portion of the volume. The 

 author precedes his discussion by a list of the species treated, the forms being 

 grouped systematically and the character of the injury briefly indicated. Amer- 

 ican entomologists will be particularly interested in the discussion of the 

 brown-tail moth, the codling moth, the pear midge and other insect pests 

 common to the two countries. It will be noted that the English estimate, so 

 far as injury is concerned, may be very different from the American status. 

 There are many species noticed, some of which are likely to be imported on 

 nursery stock. It might be well if the attempt of Americans to secure uni- 

 form common names for injurious insects could be broadened to include, 

 so far as possible, the destructive European pests. The appendix discusses 

 several extra limital •species which might become destructive in England, espe- 

 cially the Mediterranean fruit-fly, the cherry fruit-fly, the West Indian scale, 

 the San Jose scale, and gives the formulae for various insecticides. The book 

 is printed on a heavy coated paper, and, as a consequence, the numerous illus- 

 trations, a number American and many original, come out remarkably well. 

 This volume sbould be in the hands of every economic entomologist, especially 

 those having charge of nursery inspection work. 



Spraying Apples for Curculio and Codhng Moth, by E. P. Tay- 

 lor, Mo. St. Fruit Exp't. Sta. Bui. 21, p. 1-69, 1909. 



This bulletin summarizes an extensive series of observations and experi- 

 ments upon these two important pests. The author finds that three early 

 sprays, one when the petals are off, the second ten days later and the third 

 ten days thereafter, resulted in 97.6 per cent of picked apples free from Cur- 

 culio marks, while 45.5 per cent were damaged on the trees unsprayed. This 

 treatment gave 99.83 per cent of picked apples free from codling moth injury, 

 while unsprayed trees had 14.5 per cent of the picked fruit wormy. Com- 

 bining the results, three sprays gave 97.4 per cent picked apples free from 

 both kinds of injuries, while unsprayed trees had only 46.1 free from such 

 blemishes. Furthermore, this treatment, by preventing windfalls, gave 45 

 per cent more picked apples than the unsprayed trees and doubled the cash 

 returns from the crop, giving a net profit, due to the application of the 

 poisons, of $65.36 per acre. Comparisons between applications of Paris green 



