140 JOURNAL OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [VoL 3 



work, which, although well known to some of us, may not be known to 

 many practical entomologists, and lie has pointed out lines which can be 

 followed up by those who wish to study insect control, and I believe 

 that in a few years we shall haA^e results of a practical value accruing 

 from these studies. One of the most difficult insects to control at pres- 

 ent is the fruit fly. or apple maggot {Trypeta pomonella) , and it is 

 stated by Mr. C. P. Lounsbury, Cape Colony, South Africa, that by 

 keeping the fruit for three weeks at a low temperature, the contained 

 maggots of Ceratatis capitata were killed. I should like to suggest 

 that temperature records should be kept in Centigrade rather than 

 Fahrenheit, as the former is the method which is now used on the con- 

 tinent for all scientific work. 



In studying a number of Dipterous larva? upon lines similar to those 

 of Professor Sanderson, I have confirmed the idea that the different 

 stages of life history, such as larva and pupa, are all individually 

 affected by temperature, and that temperature affects the life history, 

 not as a whole, but by affecting each instar and stadium individually. 



I think we are all extremely indebted to Professor Sanderson, and 

 I wish again to offer him my sincere thanks. 



Secretary Burgess: I think this paper is very important, and 

 one with which we should get in close touch. It is one, however, 

 which requires considerable study. The matter of temperature plays 

 a very important part in the parasite work which is being conducted 

 at the Gipsy Moth Parasite Laboratory. 



President Britton: We will now listen to a paper by E. C. Cot- 

 ton, Knoxville, Tenn. 



A CONSTANT LOW TEMPERATURE APPARATUS FOR 

 BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 



By E. C. Cotton, Knoxville, Tenn. 



One would probably be well within the truth in saying that every 

 working entomologist has "pigeonholed" several fundamental prob- 

 lems in economic entomology the solution of which he has been obliged 

 to defer because of the lack of funds, time and special apparatus. 

 The passage of the Adams Act by the National Congress made it 

 possible to commence the solution of some of these basic problems,. 

 most of which will require several years to complete. Under the pro- 

 visions of this Act men in the experiment stations all over the country 

 are devoting their Avhole time and energy to the working out of single 



