162 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 3 



1. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON EMPOASCA MALI; 2. 



NOTE^ ON PAPAIPEMA NITELA AND P. 



CATAPHRACTA 



By F. L. Washburn, St. Anthoiiii Park, Minn. 

 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON EMPOASCA MALI 



In a paper read before the Association last year the following 

 statements were made concerning this insect, as the result of two years' 

 work: {a) Fall laid eggs were not found on any herbaceous plant. 

 {b^ The insect winters only in the egg stage, (c) Oviposition in sum- 

 mer was found to occur on the petiole of apple and clover, with the 

 probability of its occurring on other herbaceous plants, (d) List of 

 •food plants was given, (e) Five nymphal stages were reported, cov- 

 ering a period of about twenty-two days. (/") Adults may live four- 

 teen days or over; (1907 experiments indicate that they may live 

 thirty days or more), (g) The location and appearance of the winter 

 egg blister, and the contained egg was discussed and illustrated, [h) 

 Certain observations on remedial measures were given. 



This work was done to a very large extent either personally or under 

 the direction of Doctor Franklin, and the work this season has been 

 continued under his supervision. The following data are either new, 

 or confirm the findings of the two previous years. 



This species deposits its winter eggs only on perennials, and of 

 perennials, as far as can be determined, only on the apple. One 

 young nymph was found on the willow, and one on- plum. In each 

 case these trees were only fifty yards from apple trees, and the nymphs 

 may have been blown to the former trees or carried on larger insects 

 or on the feet of birds. It seems desirable, for the sake of conven- 

 ience in following the records bearing upon the life history of this 

 insect, to arrange our findings in chronological order, therefore: 



June 4th to 10th. At the time when nymphs were found on the 

 apple nymphs were also gathered from the elm, white oak. red oak, 

 gooseberry, black birch, white birch, linden, and reared to adult con- 

 dition. These were all found to be species other than E. mali. Cur- 

 rant bushes, box-elder, mountain ash, dogwood and other perennials 

 were examined carefully during the first two weeks in June, but no 

 nymphs or adults of any species were found. One nymph was found 

 on willow June 11th, and two on plum June 7th. The one on willow 

 and one of those on the plum were reared and proved to be E. mali. 

 These have been referred to above, and their occurrence on these 

 trees possibly accounted for. 



