470 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 3 



almost impossible to find it. In its last stage, the larva when chang- 

 ing into the pupa, casts the skin in like manner. 



Adults: The adults are oval in shape and when freshly emerged 

 are pale brown with a distinct darker line extending centrally down 

 the back. They harden in from one to three days depending some- 

 what upon the amount of sunshine present when they are develop- 

 ing; then cut their way out of the cocoon, usually at one end, crawl 

 up an alfalfa stalk and begin feeding. 



Late in the summer some of the hairs and scales get rubbed off, 

 causing the weevil to appear much darker in color. Before the fol- 

 lowing spring is passed many have lost nearly all the hair and brown 

 scales and appear black with small irregular gray spots on the elytra. 



A detailed description of the adult has already been published. ^ 



An examination of the type of Phytonomus castor Lee. shows that 

 that species is not identical with nor even scarcely similar to P. viu- 

 rinus Fab. 



CODLING MOTH CONTROL IN CALIFORNIA 



By C. W. WOODWORTH 



The recent Apple Show held at Watsonville, California, has not 

 only the distinction of being the greatest exhibit in the history of 

 apple growing, but marks a significant accomplishment in economic 

 entomology. Watsonville is by far the greatest shipping point for 

 apples in the world, sending out now about sixty cars per day, and 

 the season's crop will be over 4,000 car loads. Only during the last 

 eight years has there been any appreciable amount of spraying for 

 codling moth. Through the efforts of the Experiment Station of 

 the University of California the local difficulties have been overcome, 

 and spraying may be said to have been placed on a practical basis 

 only four years ago. Each year has seen an extension of spraying, 

 until during the present season over sixty tons of arsenate of lead 

 have been used in the Pajaro Valley on about 95% of the acreage 

 in apples, all of it within ten miles of the city of Watsonville. 



Spraying is almost entirely done with high pressure outfits, and 

 there are certainly more power-spray outfits in this region than in 

 any other fruit section. The complaint is not infrequently made in 

 the East that growers will not carry out the suggestions of entomol- 

 ogists. This valley furnishes a conspicuous example of "applied" 

 entomology. Most Western entomologists feel that their work is 



>1909: Titus: Journ. Ec. Ent. v. 2, p. 151. 



