December, '10] HOWARD: fren"CH plant inspection 501 



to bring this about it is first necessary that the nurserymen them- 

 selves should not be obliged to pay the expense, but that a govern- 

 ment phytopathological service should be created having a special 

 budget provided by the state. In the meantime, in order to have 

 the plantations more and more healthy, I count upon the instruction 

 which we are giving and upon training in the methods to be employed. 

 We will do our best to make the nurserymen more careful in their 

 operations and to see that they employ the proper means for the 

 destruction of the enemies of plants. 



"Around Paris I have found that a certain number of large nurs- 

 erymen take pains to wash the trees at the time of packing with 

 black soap or with a solution of lysol. They remove thus many 

 winter eggs and Coccidse which are found on the bark, but this pre- 

 caution is nearly a certain guarantee that they will not allow a nest 

 of chrysorrhcea or an egg-mass of dispar to go out. It is unfortunately 

 much more difficult to get such care taken in the region where they 

 produce the plants in enormous quantity and very cheaply, for it is 

 evident that any additional expense will oblige the nurserymen to 

 go out of business. To spread among them a knowledge of chrysor- 

 rhcea and dispar, I have distributed a short circular, with figures 

 representing these insects and particularly the nest of chrysorrhcea 

 and the egg-mass of dispar." 



This movement on the part of the French government is one in 

 the direction of cooperative assistance between France and the United 

 States, and Doctor Marchal's high reputation in this country is in 

 itself a guarantee of the thoroughness of the examinations upon which 

 his certificates will be based. 



Two forms of certificates mentioned in his letters are as follows : 



(No. 1.) The undersigned, director of the agricultural entomological station of 



Paris, does hereby certify that the nurseries of M 



nurseryman at were inspected and that, to his 



knowledge, the plantations show no indication whatever of any species of insects 

 (especially gypsy moth and brown-tail moth), considered as dangerous, or of any 

 disease able to be transferred to orchards or nursery stock. 



The Director of the Agricultural 



Entomological Station of Paris. 



(No. 2.) The undersigned, director of the agricultural entomological station of 



Paris, does hereby certify that the sendings of M 



horticulturist at were inspected and that, to 



his knowledge, they show no indication whatever of any species of insects (espe- 

 cially gypsy moth and brown-tail moth) considered as dangerous, or of any disease 

 able to be transferred to orchards or nursery stock. 



The Director of the Agricultural 



Experiment Station of Paris. 



