January 8, 1867. 1 



JOURNAL OP HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



27 



On this point he asks my advice, and so anxious am I that be 

 shall be advised in the best possible manner, that undeterred 

 by any false pride as a gardener, I appeal to you, and should 

 be greatly obliged if in an early impression you would name 

 the kinds you consider most suitable ; and what would you 

 advise to be planted on the back wall? It is not intended to 

 use much fire heat, but an apparatus is fixed in case it is re- 

 quired. — YoilKsniKEMAN. 



[In such a house we would plant only Black Hamburghs. 

 They are good croppers, and find a ready market. With the 

 Vines at something like 3 feet apart, it would be useless plant- 

 ing much against the back wall. If the house is wide, per- 

 haps it would be as well to plaut Vines there, but they could 

 not bo expected to bear much until they reached the roof, after 

 the front Vines were established.] 



PEAK CULTURE. 



{Continued from Vol. XI., page 461.) 



2.ND. — WALLS AND ESPALIEKS. 



Peau trees trained on walls with a few exceptions produce 

 the finest, largest, and best-flavoured fruit. To have some 

 kinds in perfection it is necessary to grow them against a wall, 

 especially in cold, wet, exposed situations. 



Selections of the best varieties for wall culture according to 

 my experience and taste are — 



Doyenne d'Ete 

 Jargonelle 

 BeiuTe d'Amanlis 

 Gansel's Bergamot 

 Brown Beurre 

 Thompson's 

 SecMe 



SnffolU Thorn 

 Urbaniyte 

 Flemish Beauty 

 Figne de Naples 

 Marie Louise 



IHIKTY-SIX. 



WiUiams's Bon Chretien 

 Louise Bonne of Jersey 

 Hacon's Incomparable 

 Althoi-p Crasauue 

 Beurr<j Diel 

 Jose-phino de Malines 

 Passe CoLmar 

 Comte de Lamy 

 Van Mons Leon Leclcrc 

 Eem're Bosc 

 Duchesse d'AngoulJme 

 Borgamotte d'Esperen 



Glou Mori;eau 



Forelle 



Jean de "Witte 



Winter Nelis 



Knight's Monarch 



Napoleon 



Beurre d'.^'eraberg 



Beurre de Ranee 



Ke Plus Meui-is 



Chaumoutel 



Easter Beurre 



St. Germain 



KiTCHES.— Uvedale's St. Germain. 



Doyenne d'Ete 

 Jargonelle 

 BeuiTe d'Amanlis 

 Gansel's Bergamot 

 Brown Beiu-re 

 Louise Bonne 

 Thompson's 

 Seckle 



Jargonelle 

 Gansel's Bergamot 

 Louise Bonne 

 Marie Louise 



Marie Louise 

 Winter Nehs 



Jklarie Louise 

 Marie Louise 



Doyenne d'Ete 



Jargonelle 



Beurre d'Amanlig 

 •Gansel's Bergamot 



Thompson's 



Seckle 



Suflolk Thoni 



Urbaniste 



Flemish Beauty 



Figue de Naples 

 *Marie Louise 



Althorp Crasanne 



TWEXTY-FODK. 



Hacon's Incomparable 

 Williams's Bon Chretien 

 Marie Louise 

 Van Mons Leon Leclerc 

 Josephine de Malines 

 Bergamotte d'Esperen 

 Flemish Beauty 

 Althorp Crasanne 



TWELVE. 



Van Mons Leon Leclerc 

 "Williams's Bon Clu-ctien 

 BeiuTe Diel 

 Forelle 



SIX. 



Beurre d'Amanlis 

 Beurre Diel 



THHEE. 



Josephine de Malines 



THREE FOK SIZE. 



EcmTe de P.ance 



FOR ESPALIERS. 



•Beurre Diel 

 * Forelle 

 ^Passe Colmar 

 Williams's Bon Chretien 

 Louise Bonne of Jersey 

 *Haeon's Incomparable 

 'Van Mons Leon Leclerc 

 *Ducbosse d'Angoult'-mo 

 *.JaSfphine de JIalines 

 ^Bergamotte d'Esperen 

 Beurre de Capiaunioat 



Beurre Diel 

 Forelle 

 Passe Colmar 

 Glou Mor(,:eau 

 Winter Nelis 

 Enight's Monarch 

 Beurre de ilance 

 Ne Plus Mem-is 



Glou Mor(,'eau 

 Winter Nehs 

 Beurre de Ranee 

 Ne Plus Mem'is 



Glou Morijeau 

 Beurre do Rauce 



Winter Nelis 

 Beurre Diel 



Comte de Lamy 

 '*Beurre Bosc 

 *Glon Mor(;ean 



Jean de Witte 

 •Winter Nelis 

 •Knight's Monarch 

 •Napoleon 

 •Beurre d'.Aremberg 

 •Beurre de Kance 

 •Ne Plus Meuris 

 •Easter Beurre 



Those marked with an asterisk requii-e a wall in cold, wet, 

 exposed situations. 



A wall for the cultivation of Pears ought to be 12 feet high 

 and not less than 10 feet. If under 9 feet high there is little 

 chance of a crop unless root-pruning be fre'quently practised. 



I have come to the conclusion, 1st, That if trees are wanted 

 to occupy but a small space they must be on the Quince ; and 

 to have them frmtful root-pruning, or rather lifting, should be 

 commenced with the planting of the tree, and continued bien- 

 maUy or trienmaDy until the energy of the wood growth of the 

 tree be subdued. -Jnd, That to have the Pear on the Pear stock 



fruitful and healthy, space must be afforded sufficient to allow 

 the tree to develope itself in its full proportions. 3rd, That 

 root-pruning and frequently pruning, pinching, and stopping, 

 though they favour fruitfulness, cause premature death. 



From the above it will be seen that I am an advocate for 

 plenty of room. I find Pears like it. They are fruitful or 

 barren in proportion. The distance apart which I would re- 

 commend for Pears on the Pear stock against a 12-feet wall is 

 30 feet ; on one of 11 feet, 33 feet ; and upon a 10-feat wall, 

 30 feet. However high the wall, I would not plaut the trees 

 less than 30 feet apart. I have a Marie Louise upon a 20-feet 

 wall, covering a space of 80 feet by 20, or 720 superficial feet 

 of wall, which is no more than sufficient, and yet very little 

 pinching is required. The tree produces fruit much finer in 

 size, colour, and flavour than those afforded by trees occu- 

 pying much less space. It is the same with trees of Glou 

 Mori,'eau, Forelle, and other varieties. For low walls, or those 

 from 7 to 10 feet high, trees upon the Quince stock are alone 

 suitable ; and they should be planted 12 feet apart on a nine- 

 feet wall, 15 feet upon an eight-feet one, and 18 feet apart 

 upon a seven-feet wall. If root-pruned 3 feet less distance 

 should be allowed. 



The above distances are for trees fan or horizontal-trained ; 

 but for upright training on the Pear stock, after which fashiott 

 trees are sometimes grown for covering high walls, I would 

 allow feet apart. Upright-trained Pear trees on the Quiuca 

 may be -1 feet apart on a 12-feet, and 6 feet apart on a 10-feet 

 wall. 



For espaliers, when there are six side branches the trees may 

 be 2-1 feet apart on the Pear stock, and 1.5 feet opart on the 

 Quince, allowing 2 feet more distance between the trees for 

 every less number of side branches. 



It is to be understood that all the distances named are for 

 trees planted in good Pear ground, for if the soil bo poor the 

 trees will not be nearly so vigorous, and they may be kept 

 fruitful upon a less extent of wall. The same remarks apply 

 where the soil is shallow and hot. In a poor Ugbt soil hori- 

 zontal-trained trees may be planted 18 feet apart if trained on 

 a 12-feet wall ; and where the soil is of a medium texture 21 feet 

 will be a suitable distance. For espaliers the distance may be 

 lessened to the extent of 3 feet between each tree. 



A west aspect is the best for Pears, and for the hardier kinds 

 a north-west aspect answers tolerably well in the southern 

 counties ; but in the northern ones not only is a west wnll 

 necessary for the hardier varieties, but a wall with a south-weat 

 aspect is requisite in order to have certain Pears in perfection. 

 In elevated and exposed situations nothing short of a west wall 

 is suitable, and a south-west aspect would in many cases be 

 preferable. It is worthy of note that the hotter the aspect the 

 finer the fruit will be in respect to size and appearance, but 

 these jn-operties are very often no criterion of the real merits 

 of a Pear. A Pear should not only have a smooth skin, bo 

 large and well-coloured, but be melting, juicy, and of fine 

 flavour. These characteristics are not generally combined, for 

 the fruit from trees on hot walls (not fined), are large and well- 

 coloured, but are woody and juiceless, and have less flavour 

 than those grown on bushes and pyramids. The fruit from 

 the last, where the climate is suitable, is invariably the most 

 melting, juicy, and high-flavoured. — G. Abbey. 

 (To bo continued.) 



WINTER PROTECTION FOR CELERY. 



There are few places where Celery is not in great demand at 

 almost all seasons, and much time and labour aro required to 

 produce first-rate crops of it. From the first handling of the 

 tender seedling in early spring to the protecting time in 

 autumn, considerable attention is required from the cixltivator. 

 It is not, however, my intention in the present short article 

 to advance anything on a subject already so well known as the 

 cultivation of this plant, but merely to put forward a plea for 

 the better protection of a crop that may cost us some trouble, 

 and it may be even anxiety, as I have known more than one 

 employer fond of having large and fine Celery, who would be 

 so dissatisfied in the event of its failure that the gardener was 

 no longer secure in his situation. 



After Celery has finished growing and been finally earthed 

 up, it is in danger of decay, and no time should be lost in ex- 

 cluding from it heavy rains, or even shght frosts, either of 

 which are the first death-blow to the heads. This is only found 

 out when the digging-up takes place, when invariably out of 

 every dozen one-thii-d is found good for little. This is fre- 



