JOUBNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ February 3, 1870. 



and again removed immediately on the re-appearance of foul 

 brood, whilst every foul piece of comb is excieed. As soon as 

 we discover the disease in our apiary we commence a frequent 

 examination of all the Btocks, and (especially daring the hot 

 summer months) Bhift the infected colonies into purified hives. 

 This purification may be effected in any way that will ex- 

 pose the hives to boiling heat (212° F.). We either put them 

 into an oven, or wash them repeatedly with boiling water. 

 When quite dry we wash them over with alcohol 92°-97° of 

 strength. Of equal efficacy in destroying all primary fungoid 

 elements are the following : — 



1. Carbolic acid,* in the proportion of one part acid to one- 

 hundred parts water, destroys all the lower animal and vege- 

 table organisms. 



2. Permanganate of potasht (Cindy's fluid), in the propor- 

 tion of one part fluid to three-hundred parts water, is just as 

 effectual. 



Diluted sulphuric, nitric, or acetic acid is useful, but is not 

 nearly equal in efficacy to the before-mentioned remedies. 



The ground in the apiary should be turned up and moistened 

 with diluted sulphuric acid, or strewed with unslaked lime. J 



As there are no internal medicaments which will cure foul 

 brood, we waste no time on their discussion. 



If the remedies herein described are energetically and per- 

 severiugly employed, we may be eertain that the disease will 

 be cured, even if widely spread. We Bhould as Utile think of 

 killing bees as of throwing a sick child into the fire or water. 

 The prompt excision of foul-broody combs, the purification of 

 the hives as before recommended, and the disinfection of the 

 ground, will infallibly work a cure. 



I cannot close this article without thanking the Earoness 

 Lina von Berlepsch for translating into English my first paper 

 on foul brood, and transmitting it to America. Next to her, I 

 have, in the interests of science, to thank Messrs. Dzierzon, 

 von Berlepsch, Leuckart, Vogel, and Schmid for the approval 

 which, partly in the Bee Journal and partly by letter, they 

 have expressed of the results of my examinations of foul 

 brood, as published in the autumn of last year. In this way 

 are removed the obstacles to the general acknowledgement of a 

 truth which even its opponents will not long be able to deny. 

 — Dr. Preuss, Sanitiitsrath. 



Chloroforming Bees ! — I once attempted to quiet an angry 

 swarm of bees by slipping under the hive a sponge containing 

 something over half an ounce of chloroform, and succeeded 

 admirably. When they had become quiet, I removed what 

 honey could be spared from their stores, and left them all quiet. 

 They are quiet still, for the chloroform killed the last bee. — 

 Dr. A. Lowe (in American Southern Cultivator). 



we should not be satisfied with less than 6 lbs. Ten hens are far too 

 many for this season, five are plenty. Yon may pat twelve or fourteen in 

 June. Your feeding is very bad. Give them good barley, maize, and 

 barleymeal. Neither rice nor potatoes arc good as food. 



Colour and Gloss of Combs (Hamburgh).— Nothing but gboi con- 

 dition -will do it ; a little meat will help, but it often produce? too threat a 

 development, and the comb falls over. 



Poultry fob Tasmania (H. C.).— There U no doubt if they are pro- 

 perly accommodated they will bear the vo)age very well, and it will 

 answer your purpose to take them. 



Fowls for Confinement (W. B.).— For confinement we like Houdans, 

 Brahmas, and Creve-Cceurs. As tho first and last are non-sitters, we 

 should fur general purposes cb.0030 the Brahmas. 



Washing White Poultry {T. A. £,.).— Soda injures the feathers of 

 fowls unless it is very carefully used. All that is really necessary to 

 cleanse plumage is to wipe the feathers downwards with a sponge or 

 piece of flannel soaped and dipped in water. Tf this bo lightly done, the 

 feathers are soon clean. The dirty water shodld be carefully wiped off, 

 and the bird put in a basket of hay or soft straw before a fire tUl it is 

 dry. The fluff wants very careful manipulation. It is very delicate. 

 Many instead of washing the fluff remove a /«o of the longest and most 

 prominent feathers ; this allows the under ones which are perfectly 

 clean to appear, and, as a rule, they are the most delicate both in fibre 



* A pound of carbolic acid costs 7A Bilber^Toschen (about 9d.). Half 

 an ounce of acid to a quart of water is all that is necessary for washing 

 hiveB. 



+ Half an ounce cf the permanganate costs C silbergroschen (about 6<i.l, 

 and when diluted with water makes three quarts of an excellent wash 

 for purifying hives. 



} Mr. Piep, of Wollersdorf, near Wittingen, recommends unslaked 

 lime being spread on the floor-board, and covered with stout paper. This 

 remedy may be considered a rational one, as the fallen particles of foul 

 brood will, with the paper, be destroyed by the lime. Absolutely no 

 result whatever can be anticipated from the fumigation of hives with 

 brimstone. 



OUR LETTER BOX. 



Books (Dorking).— "The Pigeon Book."' You can have it post free 

 from our office if you enclose .wenty posiage stamps with your address. 



Brahma Cock not Feeding (IP. B. B.).— We should fancy the cock 

 is blind, and does not pick np his food because he cannot see it. The 

 physicking is enough to make him lose flesh, but if bleeding be added. 

 the only wonder is that he is alive at all. We know nothing you can add 

 to your treatment. Diseases of the tongue and throat in fowls are often 

 curable by pouring small quantities of vinegar down the throat. 



Arrangement of Poultry Yard (An Inquirer). —We suppose the 

 orcliard is grass, if so, it will make a good run. The pitched and paved 

 yard is not good for fowls. If your houses are floored with bricks take 

 these up. Alter the outlet from house b, and let it open on the gravelled 

 yard. Let the door be quite in the corner. It would be well if house c 

 opened sufficiently for the direct passage of the poultry into the orchard, 

 You can keep Creve-Creurs, Houdans. or Spanish, all excellent layers, 

 bat non-sitters. You can always get a broody hen. A part of the coach- 

 house would do well for a sitting-house. You may keep twenty-four or 

 thirty fowls, and the best and most economical food is good barley, 

 barleymeal, ground oats, and for a change, now and then some maize. 



Weight of Brahmas— Proportion of Sexes (Otton Belchamp).— Nine 

 pounds are a good weight for a ten-months-old Brahma cockerel, ten 

 would be better. TiU they attain full size they should make a pound 

 every month, but that is above the average. A pallet of the same age 

 should weigh at this time 7 lbs. ; that is a little above the average, but 



and colour. 



Polish Fowls (J. A.).— You 

 room. No fowls will do well in 

 there is no herbage, there i3 n 

 ferenco in the climate bet- 



re doing wrong in patting Polands in a 

 . room— there is no earth or dost bath, 

 animal life. There is not sufficient dif- 

 Lincolnahiro and Lancashire to make 

 such precautions necessary. Your feeding i3 good, continue it ; let them 

 have a grass run, and let them roost in a dry, sheltered house, with no 

 sharp currents of air, with low perches and an* earthen floor. The sooner 

 you move them out of their empty chamber the better they will do. 



Food for Sitting Hen— Size of Nest (J. E. M.)— The same f ood aa 

 when she is not sitting will suffice. Less whole grain i3 preferable. A 

 nest for a Dorking hen should be 20 inches square and well ventilated. 



Mottled Jacobins (C. H. S.).— Mottled Jacobins Ob not frequently ap- 

 pear at our shows, more's the pity. Some thirty years ago there were 

 beautiful birds, which some fanciers called " liver and white." The head, 

 flight, and tail should be clear, the breast mottled or marbled, the back 

 the same, but the colour in larger patches. The more even the mottle 

 the better the bird. Such birds are very pretty, but we fear with the 

 present fashion for whole colours they wrmld not have much chance of a 

 prize, but breeding them would he highly interesting. 



Newark Poultry Show. — Mr. H. Shumach took the first and only 



prize awarded for a single Game Bantam Cock, and not Mr. G. R. Pearson. 



Prizes for Rabbits (C. X,.).— The reason why Rabbits at Torquay are 



not included in the catalogue is probably why they are excluded from 



other poultry exhibitions — the entries do not pay for the prizes offered. 



Examining an Old HrvE (E. M. Major).— We must fiist be informed 

 what kind of hive you wish to examine, aa well as what it is that you wJBb 

 to ascertain. 



Pale- coloured Grape Wine (H. J5T.).— "Ton made what would be 

 considered, when bottled, an excellent wine of the now- fashion able 

 champagne colour— a faint rose tint. Wine produced from Black Ham- 

 burgh Grapes, will never colour like that made from the Espiran. The 

 latter for colour, piquancy, and fine boqnef , is what I eo strongly recom- 

 mend ; and when grown in a vinery, like yours, the produce instead of 

 giving about 20° of saccharine, which it usually attains against the walls 

 of this house in the open air, it would give S'J°. If you intend the wine to 

 be effervescent, I would on no account r.rtificaily colour it ; bat if it is to 

 be drank as a ' still ' wine drawn from the oank, you should stir into it a 

 couple of bottles of Beaujolais wine, or more, which would impart high 

 colour.— Robert Fenn." 



COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— February 2. 



The frost having somewhat shortened our supplies, the growers have 

 naturally looked for some advance in prices, but the general tone of the 

 market has not been such as to warrant it, and accordingly we have but 

 trifling altera tion s to report. Continental supplies tire ample and good, 

 comprising the usual articles. The Potato trade is heavy. 



FRUIT, 



Cherries lb. 



Chestnuts bushel 8 



Currants 4 sieve 



Elack do. 



Figa doz. 



Filberts lb. 



Cobs lb. 



Gooseberries quart 



Grapes, Hothouse lb. 4 



Lemons ^100 C 



Melons each 2 



Muli/crries quart OtoO 



SfeetarinftB doz. 



Oranges V MW 6 32 



Peadnea doz. 



Pe.u -.kitohen doz. 3 4 



Plu 



Quinces doz. 



Raspberries lb. 



Strawberries lb. 



Wafamtfl 1-ushel 10 



do WOO 1 



VEGETABLES. 



Artichokes doz, 



100 10 14 



Cabbage doz. 



Capsicums & 100 



Carrots bunch 



Cauliflower doz. 



Celery bundle 



Coleworts..doz. bunehes 



Cucumbers each 



pickling doz. 



Fennel bunch 



Garlic lb. 



Herbs bunch 



Horseradish .... bundle 



. doz. 2 



Leeks bunch 



Lettuce score 



Mushrooms pottle 



Mustard & Cress.. punnet 



Onions bushel 



pickling quart 



Parsley. 



nps. 



Pa: 



Peai_ ... 



Potatoes bushel 



Kidney do. 



Radishes .. doz. bunches 



Rhubarb bundle 



Savoys doz. 



Sea-kale basket 



Shallots lb. 



Spinach bushel 



Tomatoaa doz. 



Turnips bunch 



Vegetable Harrows., doz. - 



