4* Journal of Agriculture. [ii Jan., 1909- 



where it has been ;\ttached by the chemical poisons produced by the germs 

 circulating in the blood. The lungs are frequently congested and the 

 spleen is enlarged. The blood is darker than normal and may not 

 coagulate readily. 



Pyaemia. — " Pvaemia differs from septicaemia in that the absorption and 

 dissemination of the poison give rise not only to a general infective 

 diseases but also to scattered abscesses. It is always accompanied by 

 some septicaemia. The source of injection is usually some suppurating 

 wound. Any of the pyogenic organisms are capable of producing pyaemia 

 but the streptococcus pyogenes is the one most frequently found " {Green). 



The abscesses mostly have their commencement in small blood vessels 

 and result from embolism. Small particles of pus, or fragments of pus- 

 impregnated clot from a wound, are passed into the blood vessels and 

 carried by the blood stream until they form an embolus by blocking at a 

 junction or in a narrowing vessel. A tHrofnbus is formed in which the 

 pus germs commence their activities and an abscess results. 



The best example of pyaemia' in the lower animals is " Navel ill " or 

 umbilical pyaemia of foals and calves, a condition fairly common and 

 troublesome which will be dealt with in the chapter of Diseases of Young 

 Animals. 



Pvaemic abscesses are sometimes met with in the liver and other internal 

 organs of cattle and sheep and they may occur as a sequel to suppurative 

 disease of any organ but it may be said with the above mentioned excep- 

 tion, that the pvaemic condition is a rare one in veterinary patients. 



Ureamia. 



This is a condition of the blood in which there is accumulation of an 

 excess of urea and other urine elements. It occurs as a result of disease 

 or inactivity of the kidneys. The retained materials have a toxic effect 

 on the nervous system producing drowsiness and death by coma preceded 

 by convulsions. During the progress of the disease the excretory powers 

 of the liver and skin are invoked to rid the blood of the contained poison, 

 and a marked symptom is the urinous odour of the sweat which is also very 

 profuse. Ureamic poisoning does not occur from reabsorption of secreted 

 urine; nevertheless when the bladder or urinary passages are blocked, and 

 preventing from employing their contents, the accumulating urine dams 

 back up into the uriniferous tubes and malphigian bodies of the kidneys 

 and so arrests their function of excreting the urine elements from the blood 

 and ureamia supervenes. This occurs occasionally after inoculation of 

 cattle for pleuro-pneumonia when the swelling passes up the tail to the 

 rump and inside the pelvis; the immense effusion that occurs pressing 

 on the bladder and preventing the expulsion of urine. 



Jaundice or Icterus. 



There are two forms of jaundice brought about in different ways. In 

 one case there is accumulation in the blood of the bile forming elements 

 which should be removed by the liver. This occurs when the liver is 

 deranged to the extent of total or partial loss of bile-secreting function. 

 In the other form there may be no abnormality of the liver at all ; the 

 bile has been formed and passed into the bowels, from where, on account 

 of impaction or other blocking of its elimination, it has been reabsorbed 

 into the blood. In both cases there will be an attempt on the part of the- 



