92 Journal of Agriculture. [lo Feb., 1909. 



as previously described. Post-mortem examination revealed much the same 

 condition as in the first case with the addition of hsemorrhagic spots on 

 the spleen. 



Case C. — Loss of six cows out of twelve undei similar conditions as 

 above, within a period of three or four weeks. 



I did not have an opportunity of making a personal examination in this 

 case, but a neighbour of the owner made a fost-mortem examination of the 

 last cow to die, and supplied me with a detailed description of appearances 

 which tallied in almost every respect with those noted in Case B with the 

 addition of some of the appearances observed in Case A. 



Case D. — Mortality : — About fifteen cattle in fair condition under 

 similar circumstances to those mentioned in Case A. No symptoms ob- 

 served. The cattle died suddenly. Post-mortem examination of one cow 

 did not show such marked indications of disease as in the former cases, and 

 in that respect it bore out the statement in Friedberger and Frohner that 

 in .some acute cases very slight changes are found. Post-mortem examina- 

 tion made subsequently of a yearling heifer, however, showed acute peri- 

 tonitis, adhesion of coils of the intestines, and extravasation of blood in 

 the peritoneum covering the intestines. 



Case E. — Loss of nine or ten head of three-year old steers in fair con- 

 dition. Mostly found dead, but one animal lost appetite and showed 

 general ill-health two or three days before death. This animal also 

 passed small quantities of coagulated blood, &c., as previously described. 

 Post-jfiortem made on this steer showed inflammation of fourth stomach 

 and intestines, particularly of the colon, with hsemorrhagic patches and 

 streakings on peritoneum, surface of heart, spleen, &c. Thus the features 

 observed in cases A and B were combined in this case. 



Case F. — -Mortality : — Five or six cows recently calved, good condition. 

 Some found dead, others observed to stagger a little, " get down " and die 

 in a few hours. In most cases they continued milkmg up to the last. 

 Post-mortem examination of one cow showed slight inflammation of 

 stomach and intestines and haemorrhagic sireakings on surface of heart; 

 not a very distinctive case. This cow was in good condition with milk 

 still in udder ; no blood appeared to have oozed from nose or anus. 



Case G. — Two neighbours had lost about twelve cows each within a 

 few weeks, fair feed. One owner stated that in some cases the head 

 and throat became much swollen, that the cows had died in from two to 

 four days, and that swelling was caused by a jelly-like substance. These 

 cases correspond exactly with the exanthemic form described by Fried- 

 berger and Frohner. One cow seen by me showed dulness and general 

 debility. In a fost-mortem examination of a cow on the next farm, how- 

 ever, in addition to appearances pre\"iously noted, there were oedematous 

 swellings along the course of the intestines and also to a limited extent 

 about the throat. 



There has in some cases been a strong opinion formed that the mortality 

 was due to poison, and in others to impaction, or else to irritation of walls 

 of intestines through the stock eating ferns or other rough herbage, but 

 careful examination has proved the latter reason untenable in anv of the 

 cases brought under notice. The localities where mortalitv occurred were 

 frequently remote from one another. 



Treatment and Prevention. 



Treatment cannot often be carried out and is usually of little avail, but 

 where opportunity occurs the Chief Veterinary Officer has advised that 



